WHAT DO WE DO WHEN THE EARTH DECIDES TO CHANGE… So Much to do…..

Do Now- Write 5 Lines Describe the following problem through the theme of interaction.

Information  Chapter 2-3 Internal forces - will be due today  MIRPL Assignment - coming this week  Progress reports entered - missing assignment – do nows, class work, latitude and longitude Is your ID on?

Current Events: World  More bodies from Japanese volcano eruption - no lava flows at this time - more activity to follow  Protests in Hong Kong - prodemocracy movement - China cracking down on protests

Do Now- Write 5 Lines Describe the following problem through the theme of interaction.

Plate Tectonics

Richter Scale  Way to measure strength of earthquakes - we feel a more severe at 4.5 and above  Strongest in Chile, measured 9.5  Indonesia, magnitude - large Tsunami, killed thousands

Tsunami  Caused by earthquakes - occur in the ocean  Giant wave of water - can top 100 feet high - speeds up to 450 mph  Creates total destruction - Indonesia, 225,000 killed million displaced

Volcanoes  3 types of volcanoes - Composite, Cone, Shield  Occur along plate boundaries  Extremely destructive  Create new landforms - island formation - land masses, mountains

T-P-S: Can internal changes on the earth affect human advancement? Explain your answer.

Weathering  Physical and chemical process that occurs over a long period of time  Mechanical Weathering - physical forces that break rock into smaller pieces - does not change rock the “stuff” in a rock, only makes it smaller in size, breaks into pieces - ex. Ice forms in cracks of rocks and causes them to break

Weathering  Chemical Weathering - the “stuff” in a rock is changed chemically - creates a new composition - the “stuff”, minerals, react with water or air - ex. Iron in rock rusts from air and water, rock changes and crumbles

Erosion  Occurs after weathering, mechanical process that moves materials - occurs by using wind, water, ice, and gravity - rock materials (sediment) is moved to another location Question: How does “dirt” from Lancaster County end up in the Chesapeake Bay?

T-P-S: Questions to answer at your table  How does water erode the surface?  How is ice (glaciers) a powerful form of erosion?  Wind as a form of erosion, how?  Gravity as a form of erosion, how?

Water Erosion  Rivers and Streams (Type 1) - moves material downstream - stronger currents move more material  Abrasion - rock is ground by particles (sediment) - faster water equals more grinding  Dissolving - chemical breakdown of material in water

Water Erosion  Erodes both horizontally and vertically - rivers become wider and deeper  As the river slows… - particles drop out of the water - Delta formation at the end of a river  Beaches - increase and decrease - some lose 3ft per year

Wind Erosion  Similar to erosion by water - wind picks up material and moves it - can be abrasive – think about dirt blowing in the air  New land features - sand dunes  Loess - sediment deposits - very fertile soil

Glacial Erosion  Erosion by glaciers (ice)  As a glacier moves… - picks up material and transports it like a river - pieces left behind or deposited in new locations - glaciers move because of gravity  Glaciers cut grooves in rocks - grind rocks - leave behind various other particles and features

Soil formation  Weathering and erosion create soil - moved sediment becomes soil - amount of biological material called Humus  Soil Factors - Parent material – stuff the soil is made from - Relief – steep slopes produce less soil - Organisms – plants and critters (worms, bacteria) - Climate – affects soil types, cold v. hot - Time – amount of time to produce soil (long process)

TOTD In what ways does erosion affect the lives of humans? What are the three types of eroding action by water?