Do Now Write down the following questions and then write out your response. Be prepared to share. Yeah, I will be calling on you. Explain the story of Charles the I. Why is it significant?

Homework due Today Read pages Identify the following terms from the reading: Charles I Petition of Right English Civil War – understand why it was fought and what were the two sides. Oliver CromwellBill of Rights Charles IICabinet Habeas Corpus Restoration of Habeas Corpus William of Orange Glorious Revolution Constitutional Monarchy

Homework due Friday Explain in detail the impact of Cromwell on the English Civil War. Must be a minimum of 200 words.

England and the est. of government Queen Elizabeth the I, fought the Spanish, defeated the Spanish Armada, but in doing so she was in constant conflict with parliament. Parliament’s role was to make laws especially laws regarding collecting taxes and paying bills. This was the strain between Elizabeth and Parliament. By the time of her death in 1603, the government had a massive debt. Queen Elizabeth also had no children to claim the throne. This left for a difficult transition. The closest relative was James Stuart, present King of Scotland

James I & Charles I Although James was already King of Scotland, claiming the throne of England would in theory unite the two Kingdoms together especially since he was already related to Elizabeth. James’s battles with parliament were no different than Elizabeth’s. It centered around money. To add to the challenges, James continually offended the Puritans who wanted all aspects of the Catholic religion removed, but James refused to do so. In 1625, James I dies leaving the throne to his son Charles I. Like Elizabeth, Charles was at war with Spain & France.

Charles confronts Parliament Due to the wars that Charles was fighting, he always needed money which meant he had to get the money from Parliament and as King he felt they should always grant it. Several times when Parliament said no, Charles dissolved Parliament, meaning prevent it from meeting, but that only made matters worse. Why? Explain Parliament was the only organization allowed to gather money and the King(s) needed Parliament to do it. By 1628, Charles was forced to asked for Parliament to meet again so England could pay bills

Charles confronts Parliament By 1628, Parliament refuses to grant Charles any money without an agreement. The agreement was called the Petition of Rights and it had four points: 1. He would not imprison citizens without due cause. What does “due cause mean?” 2. He would not levy (issue) taxes without Parliament’s consent (approval). 3. He would not have soldiers stay in private people’s homes? Why? 4. He would not impose martial law in Peace time. What is Martial Law?

Martial Law What is Martial Law? Temporary laws carried out by the military on ordinary citizens. Sometimes seen with riots, or during wartime. Some things it includes: Restriction of movement Curfews Military trials where you are guilty until proven innocent. Held without a trial

Petition of Rights Once Charles signed the document he attempted to simply ignore it. Why did he think he could? Explain in your notes As king the monarch’s word is final, but Parliament had an agreement. The document also made the point that kings have limits to their power. This went against the notion of Absolute Monarchs. In 1629, Charles again dissolved Parliament and refused to sign it.

The King is challenged To get money, Charles imposed (put in place) fees and fines which made him very unpopular among with the citizens. In 1637, Charles was at odds with the Puritans too. He wanted England and Scotland to follow the Anglican Church. The Puritans felt it was too similar to the Catholic Church. The Scots did not follow the Anglican Church so this made them angry too. The Scots opposed him and threatened to invade England. Charles needed Parliament to raise an army meaning Charles needed money!

The King is toppled In 1641, the parliament passed more laws to limits the King and future king’s power. Charles responded by trying to arrest members of the Parliament, but the members escaped. Riots broke out near Charles palace and he left London. Charles found loyal followers and raised an army to take on Parliament. A Civil War soon developed