4.1 An Age of Ideologies

Ideology A system of thought and belief

Conservatives Prefer the traditional way of doing things Change only for very compelling reasons In 19 th century Europe = –Restore monarchy –Class system – lower classes respect & obey upper classes –Established or state church

Liberals Inspired by Enlightenment & French Revolution ideals Want govt. based on written constitution & separation of powers Want rulers elected by & responsible to people Defend natural rights = liberty, equality, property Support hands-off economics – laissez faire

Nationalists Want to unify people with a common heritage in separate states Common heritage gives sense of identity Sometimes leads to intolerance & persecution of different peoples In 19 th century Europe –Serbia obtained freedom from Ottoman Empire –Greece obtained freedom from Ottoman Empire

Comparison LiberalsIssuesConservatives Male property owners Who should rule Monarch & nobles Protect rts. of liberty & property Goals of Govt. Stability & order Republic with constitution, separation of powers Form of Govt. Monarchy Laissez faireEconomyNoble-controlled Freedom of religionReligionEstablished church