Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7 Solutions 7.2 Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes 1

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Solutes and Ionic Charge In water, strong electrolytes produce ions and conduct an electric current weak electrolytes produce a few ions nonelectrolytes do not produce ions 2

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Strong Electrolytes Strong electrolytes dissociate in water, producing positive and negative ions conduct an electric current in water in equations show the formation of ions in aqueous (aq) solutions 100% ions 3

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check Complete each for strong electrolytes in water. H 2 O(l) 1. CaCl 2 (s) ___________ A. CaCl 2 (s) B. Ca 2+ (aq) + Cl 2  (aq) C. Ca 2+ (aq) + 2Cl  (aq) H 2 O(l) 2. K 3 PO 4 (s) ___________ A. 3K + (aq) + PO 4 3  (aq) B. K 3 PO 4 (s) C. K 3 + (aq) + P 3  (aq) + O 4  (aq) 4

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Complete each for strong electrolytes in water. H 2 O(l) 1.CaCl 2 (s) C. Ca 2+ (aq) + 2Cl  (aq) H 2 O(l) 2.K 3 PO 4 (s) A. 3K + (aq) + PO 4 3  (aq) 5

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Weak Electrolytes A weak electrolyte dissociates only slightly in water in water forms a solution of a few ions and mostly undissociated molecules 6

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Nonelectrolytes dissolve as molecules in water do not produce ions in water do not conduct an electric current 7

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Classification of Solutes in Aqueous Solutions 8

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Equivalents An equivalent (Eq) is the amount of an electrolyte or an ion that provides 1 mole of electrical charge (+ or  ). 9

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Electrolytes in Body Fluids In replacement solutions for body fluids, the electrolytes are given in milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). Ringer’s Solution Na mEq/LCl  154 mEq/L K + 4 mEq/L Ca 2+ 4 mEq/L The milliequivalents per liter of cations must equal the milliequivalents per liter of anions. 10

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Electrolyte Concentrations in IV Solutions 11

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Electrolytes in Body Fluids 12

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check 1. In 1 mole of Fe 3+, there are A. 1 EqB. 2 Eq C. 3 Eq 2. In 2.5 moles of SO 4 2 , there are A. 2.5 EqB. 5.0 Eq C. 1.0 Eq 3.An IV bottle contains NaCl. If the Na + is 34 mEq/L, the Cl  is A. 34 mEq/LB. 0 mEq/L C. 68 mEq/L 13

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Solution 1. In 1 mole of Fe 3+, there are C. 3 Eq 2. In 2.5 moles of SO 4 2 , there are B. 5.0 Eq 2.5 mole SO 4 2   2 Eq = 5.0 Eq 1 mole SO 4 2  3.An IV bottle contains NaCl. If the Na + is 34 mEq/L, the Cl  isA. 34 mEq/L 14