Reactions in Aqueous Solution What does it mean to dissolve (aq)? Solute, solvent, solution

Visualize the Solution Process  Dissociation to Form an Ionic Solution - Animation Dissociation to Form an Ionic Solution - Animation  How an Ionic Compound Dissolves in Water – Animation How an Ionic Compound Dissolves in Water – Animation  Difference Between Dissolving an Ionic Compound and a Molecular (covalent) Compound – Video Difference Between Dissolving an Ionic Compound and a Molecular (covalent) Compound – Video  Strong Electrolyte vs Non-Electrolyte – Animation Strong Electrolyte vs Non-Electrolyte – Animation  Strong Electrolyte vs Weak Electrolyte – Video Strong Electrolyte vs Weak Electrolyte – Video  Summarizes Strong, Weak and Non-Electrolytes - Video Summarizes Strong, Weak and Non-Electrolytes - Video

Nonelectrolytes  Dissolve without breaking into pieces  No charged particles, so the solution does not conduct electricity  Molecular compounds

Strong electrolytes  Conducts electricity well by splitting into many charged particles  Strong acids and bases are strong electrolytes (these must be memorized)  Ionic compounds that are very soluble – mostly split apart into ions (determined by KISS rules)  KISS rules are used to predict solubility of ionic compounds

KISS Rules  #1 Soluble cations: sodium, ammonium, potassium  #2 Soluble anions: nitrate, acetate, chlorate and perchlorate  #3 Mostly soluble anions: chloride, bromide and iodide, soluble except with the silver group (silver, mercury and lead)  #4 Sometimes soluble anion: sulfate, soluble except with the silver group and barium and strontium  #5 Everything else is insoluble

Weak electrolytes  Conduct electricity weakly by dissociating only a little bit  Weak acids and bases are weak electrolytes (any acid or base that is NOT STRONG)  Ionic compounds that are “insoluble” only dissociate a little bit, and are weak electrolytes (determined by KISS rules)