LANGUAGE: COMMUNICATION THROUGH SPEECH

FAST FIVE ?

WHAT IS LANGUAGE? DISCUSS WITH A PARTNER 3 POINTS ON WIPEBOARDS COMMUNICATION: SPOKEN, WRITTEN CONNECTION IDENTITY A TRAIT THAT DISTINGUISHES CULTURAL VALUES

STATISTICS 2/3 OR 66% WORLD POPULATION SPEAKS 1 OF 2 LANGUAGE FAMILIES LANGUAGE FAMILY – COLLECTIONOF LANGUAGES RELATED THROUGH COMMON ANCESTRAL LANGUAGE THAT EXISTED LONG BEFORE RECORDED HISTORY INDO-EUROPEAN, MOST WIDELY USED AND SINO-TIBETAN MOSTLY IN CHINA, 1.3 BILL POPULATION LOGOGRAM: WHERE PICTURES=WORDS NOT SOUNDS, SYMBOLS REPRESENT WORDS IDEOGRAM: a symbol that is used in a writing system, for example Chinese, to represent the idea of a thing, rather than the sounds of a word 2-6% SPEAK A LANGUAGE FROM 7 OTHER LANGUAGE FAMILIES 5% SPEAK FROM 100’S OF SMALLER LANGUAGE FAMILIES

WHO SPEAKS WHAT WHERE? INDO-EUROPEAN: EUROPE, SOUTH ASIA, NORTH AND LATIN AMERICA SINO-TIBETAN: MANDARIN SPOKEN BY ¾ OF PEOPLE NO LANGUAGE CALLED “CHINESE” OFFICIAL LANGUAGE OF PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA & TAIWAN: 1 LANGUAGE USED BY THE GOVERNMENT FOR LAWS, REPORTS, PUBLIC OBJECTS (SIGNS, STAMPS, MONEY) MOST USED LANGUAGE IN THE WORLD 1 OF 6 OFFICIAL LANGUAGES OF THE UNITED NATIONS MANDARIN IMPOSED BY CHINESE GOVERNMENT COUNTRYWIDE WHY? 1 LANGUAGE CREATES UNITY, COMMON WRITTEN FORM, STRENGTH LITERARY TRADITION: SYSTEM OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

CLASSIFICATION OF LANGUAGE LANGUAGE FAMILY LANGUAGE BRANCH A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago LANGUAGE GROUP A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary. TRUNK=LANG. FAMILY BRANCH=LANG. BRANCH LEAVES=INDIVIDUAL LANG

PRACTICE: ANSWERS IN NOTES WHAT ARE THE LANGUAGE FAMILY, BRANCH & GROUP TO WHICH ENGLISH BELONGS? MANDARIN? SPANISH? ARABIC? HINDI BENGALI PORTUGESE RUSSIAN JAPANESE GERMAN

OTHER LARGE LANGUAGE FAMILIES AUSTRONESIAN: INDONESIA AUSTROASIATIC: VIETNAMESE AFROASIATIC: ARABIC ALTAIC: TURKISH URALIC: ESTONIANS, FINNS, HUNGARIANS NIGER-CONGO: SWAHILI NILO SAHARAN: NORTH CENTRAL AFRICA KHOISAN: DISTINCTIVE TRAIT WAS CLICKING SOUND & DERISIVELY CALLED HOTTENTOTS BY EUROPEAN RESEARCHERS