Structures and Organelles 7.3

Cytoplasm and Cytoskeleton Cytoplasm-semifluid material prokaryotes- Chemical process occur eukaryotes- Where organelles are found Cytoskeleton- Support “net” for organelles microtubules and microfilaments

The Nucleus The “manager” Contains most of cell’s DNA Stores info used to make proteins for cell growth, function, and reproduction Surrounded by the Nuclear Envelope similar to plasma membrane nuclear pores allow substances to move in and out nucleolus- Site of ribosome production

Ribosomes Help produce proteins Made of RNA and protein Can be bound in the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Membrane system of folded sacs and channels Site for protein and lipid synthesis Rough ER- where ribosomes attach Smooth ER- where lipids are synthesized

Golgi Apparatus The “shipping center” Flattened stack of membranes packs proteins into vesicles to bre released from the cell

Vacuoles the “storage facility” stores food, waste, or enzymes Always in Plant Cells Not Always in Animal cells

Lysosomes The “custodians” digest excess organelles and/or food particles also digest bacteria and viruses only in animal cells

Centrioles Groups of microtubules function during cell division not found in plant cells

Mitochondria The “power supply” or “powerhouse” converts sugar into usable energy highly folded, for increased surface area

Chloroplasts “solar panels” capture light energy and converts to chemical energy (photosynthesis) Filled with Chlorophyll Found in Plants

Cell Wall Thick, rigid, mesh of fibers that surrounds the plasma membrane Protects cell and gives support Made of cellulose Found in plants

Cilia and Flagella Project off of the plasma membrane Small whiplike structure that aids in locomotion In some animal cells