I will be able to understand the role of a cell. I will be able to identify the parts of a cell. I will explain the function of the various parts of the cell.

 Cells are the basic unit(smallest part) of all living things.  If it’s alive, it’s made of cells!  Cells hold all the biological equipment needed to keep a cell alive and allow it to reproduce.  Unicellular organisms can’t grow very big.  Multi cellular organisms can grow big. Each cell is a specialist and has a special job to do.

 All cells have them  Flexible “bag” covering that holds pieces and fluids inside and keeps nasty stuff out.  Permeable-means it has tiny holes that allow some things through. For example:oxygen  Some organelles have little membranes too!

 Only found in plants  Made of special sugars called cellulose  Help a plant keep it’s shape, allows them to grow bigger than animals  Also permeable, has small holes to allow nutrients through

 Fluid that fills the cell  Also called cytosol  Organelles are suspended in the cytosol  The cytoplasm has many different molecules dissolved in solution. You'll find enzymes, fatty acids, sugars, and amino acids that are used to keep the cell working.

 The cell nucleus acts like the brain of the cell. It helps control eating, movement, and reproduction.  The nucleus is not always in the center of the cell.  Cell DNA is usually found here

 Life Before a Nucleus  Not all cells have a nucleus. Biology breaks cell types into eukaryotic (those with a defined nucleus) and prokaryotic (those with no defined nucleus). eukaryotic prokaryotic

 Cells need to make proteins. Ribosomes are the protein builders or the protein synthesizers of the cell. They are like construction guys who connect one amino acid at a time and build long chains.  Ribosomes are found in many places around the cell. You might find them floating in the cytoplasm (cytosol). Those floating ribosomes make proteins that will be used inside of the cell. Other ribosomes are found on the endoplasmic reticulum. cytoplasm (cytosol)endoplasmic reticulum

 Powerhouses of the cell  Act like the digestive system-takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy-this is cell respiration  Mitochondria are small  The number depends on what the cell is doing. More can be created if needed.

 Chloroplasts are the food producers of the cell. They are only found in plant cells and some protists.protists  They create the sugars the plant uses.(photosynthesis)  These are green and filled with chlorophyll

 Works as a packaging system  Creates membranes throughout the cell  Works closely with Golgi apparatus and RNA  Looks different from cell to cell  Two types-rough ER and smooth ER  Same types of membranes, but different shapes and rough ER has ribosomes attached  Smooth ER acts as a storage organelle (steroids)  Rough ER packages proteins

 Found in most cells  Also a storage organelle  Looks like rough ER but has a very different function  The Golgi complex gathers simple molecules and combines them to make molecules that are more complex. It then takes those big molecules, packages them in vesicles, and either stores them  for later use or sends them out of the cell. It is also the organelle that builds lysosomes (cell digestion machines).lysosomes  The Golgi complex is a series of membranes shaped like pancakes.

 Organizes chromosomes  Found near nucleus  Not seen unless the cell is dividing (mitosis/meiosis)  Every animal like cell has one  Made of 9 groups of microtubules  Found in pairs (usually at right angles)  Move towards the poles of the nucleus when it’s time to divide the cell

 make organisms what they are. Carry all of the information used to help a cell grow and reproduce. Chromosomes are made up of DNA. Segments of DNA in specific patterns are called genes.  Found in nucleus of a cell. In prokaryotes, DNA floats in the cytoplasm in an area called the nucleoid. Found in nucleusprokaryotes  Usually found in pairs

 Storage bubbles  In plant and animal cells, but much bigger in plants (as much as ½ the cell)  May store water, nutrients, or waste  Waste will be sent out of the cell  A membrane that surrounds a sac of fluid  In plant cells, this adds support

 Found in nearly every animal like eukaryotic cell  Holds enzymes that the cell created  It’s purpose is to digest things  Basically a vesicle filled with enzymes  The enzyme proteins are first created in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Those proteins are packaged in a vesicle and sent to the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi then does its final work to create the digestive enzymes and pinches off a small, very specific vesicle. That vesicle is a lysosome. From there the lysosomes float in the cytoplasm until they are needed.endoplasmic reticulum

 Small tubes found on the outside of some prokaryotic cells (bacteria)  Adhesive and allows this cell to stick to other cells (thus spreading an infection)

 Long whip like structure  Used for locomotion (movement)  Can be found in some prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells  Sometimes it is a sensory organ (can sense temperature and chemicals outside the cell)

 Small,numerous projections that beat in one direction  Used for locomotion and sensory info  Found in a lot of animal cells, rare in plants  Similar to pili that can be found on prokaryotic cells

found in prokaryotic cells Just a general region where genetic activity happens No membrane around it