Tibet’s Fight For Survival in the Modern World

Recent History Turmoil was the hallmark for both Tibet and China in the early nineteenth century. Turmoil was the hallmark for both Tibet and China in the early nineteenth century. Tibet was invaded by The British in the Tibet was invaded by The British in the At this time, Manchu rulers in China were weak and the British invasion stopped the Manchurian influence over Tibet. At this time, Manchu rulers in China were weak and the British invasion stopped the Manchurian influence over Tibet. In 1910, Manchurian government sent the Imperial Army to Tibet and occupied Lhasa. In 1910, Manchurian government sent the Imperial Army to Tibet and occupied Lhasa. This control lasted for only a year when the Manchu ruler was overthrown, This control lasted for only a year when the Manchu ruler was overthrown, After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, Dalai Lama, who was formally in exile in India, returned to Tibet and informed the Chinese government that he intended to exercise both temporal and ecclesiastic rule in Tibet (Smith). After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, Dalai Lama, who was formally in exile in India, returned to Tibet and informed the Chinese government that he intended to exercise both temporal and ecclesiastic rule in Tibet (Smith). This ambiguous statement was interpreted as a declaration of Independence by some, but the real intention of the statement was not clear. This ambiguous statement was interpreted as a declaration of Independence by some, but the real intention of the statement was not clear.

Focus Question 3 Is Tibetan Nationalism a result of British Imperialism? China maintains China maintains upsurge of nationalism in Tibet result of British Imperialism upsurge of nationalism in Tibet result of British Imperialism Manipulation of trade Manipulation of trade British presence in India allowed Tibetan “independence” British presence in India allowed Tibetan “independence” Younghusband imposed western ideals on Tibet Younghusband imposed western ideals on Tibet

TIBET AND BRITAIN The ambiguity of the relationship between Tibet and China during this period was further compounded by British Intervention. The ambiguity of the relationship between Tibet and China during this period was further compounded by British Intervention. Britain wanted Tibet to be independent from China so as to create a buffer state between British India and China. Britain wanted Tibet to be independent from China so as to create a buffer state between British India and China. However, the British did not clearly express this intention because it did not want to hurt its trade relationship with China and Hong Kong (Smith). However, the British did not clearly express this intention because it did not want to hurt its trade relationship with China and Hong Kong (Smith). Britain stood in between Tibet and China, assuring each side of British support and making the relationship between China and Tibet even mistier. Britain stood in between Tibet and China, assuring each side of British support and making the relationship between China and Tibet even mistier.

Source Study Examine the sources Examine the sources Convention between Great Britain, China and Tibet: Simla 1914 Convention between Great Britain, China and Tibet: Simla 1914 Convention between Great Britain and Thibet 1904 Convention between Great Britain and Thibet 1904 An Illusion called ‘greater Tibet area’ An Illusion called ‘greater Tibet area’

MIND MAP SUMMARY Create a summary of the main points in your sources 1914 CONVENTION SIGNATORIES Lonchen Shatra, British TERMS Tibet not to be a province of china Not to send troops to outer tibet not enter into negotiations or agreements “foreign power” does not include china British trade should have equal footing Monasteries retain full control in matter affecting religion OTHER Chin is not a signatory, and so this is most likely a British perspective STATUS Britain has the highest status, China 2, Tibet 3 TERRITORY BORDERS Tibet forms part of Chinese territory

MIND MAP SUMMARY Create a summary of the main points in your sources 1904 CONVENTION SIGNATORIESTERMSOTHERSTATUS TERRITORY BORDERS

MIND MAP SUMMARY Create a summary of the main points in your sources AN ILLUSION CALLED ‘GREATER TIBET AREA’ VIEWPOINTCLAIMSOTHERLANGUAGE

KNOWLEDGE QUIZ Write down the answers to the following questions Write down the answers to the following questions What is the definition of a nation? What is the definition of a nation? What is the definition of hegemony? What is the definition of hegemony? What is the definition of imperialism? What is the definition of imperialism? What is the main argument that China uses for its claim to Tibet? What is the main argument that China uses for its claim to Tibet? When did the Chinese sign a treaty with Tibet that guaranteed its borders? When did the Chinese sign a treaty with Tibet that guaranteed its borders? Which dynasty succeeded the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China? Which dynasty succeeded the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China? Which country played a leading role in Chinese-Tibetan politics in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? Which country played a leading role in Chinese-Tibetan politics in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? What is the capital of Tibet? What is the capital of Tibet? Who is the leader of Tibet? Who is the leader of Tibet? What do the initials TAR stand for? What do the initials TAR stand for?

Quiz Answers What is the definition of a nation? People or race organised as a state What is the definition of a nation? People or race organised as a state What is the definition of hegemony? Leadership, political domination What is the definition of hegemony? Leadership, political domination What is the definition of imperialism? Extension of empire, colonial empire What is the definition of imperialism? Extension of empire, colonial empire What is the main argument that China uses for its claim to Tibet? That it has traditionally always been part of China; China is a land of diverse peoples What is the main argument that China uses for its claim to Tibet? That it has traditionally always been part of China; China is a land of diverse peoples When did the Chinese sign a treaty with Tibet that guaranteed its borders? 822 When did the Chinese sign a treaty with Tibet that guaranteed its borders? 822 Which dynasty succeeded the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China? Ming or Han Which dynasty succeeded the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China? Ming or Han Which country played a leading role in Chinese-Tibetan politics in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? Britain Which country played a leading role in Chinese-Tibetan politics in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? Britain What is the capital of Tibet? Lhasa What is the capital of Tibet? Lhasa Who is the leader of Tibet? 14th Dalai Lama Who is the leader of Tibet? 14th Dalai Lama What do the initials TAR stand for? Tibet Autonomous Region What do the initials TAR stand for? Tibet Autonomous Region