Corpus approaches to discourse

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Presentation transcript:

Corpus approaches to discourse

What is a corpus? a collection of spoken or written authentic texts that is representative of a particular area of language use, by virtue of its size and composition usually computer-readable and able to be accessed with tools such as concordancers which are able to find and sort out language patterns

Kinds of corpora General corpora aim to represent language in its broadest sense and to serve as a widely available resource for baseline or comparative studies of general linguistic features (Reppen and Simpson 2004: 95).

Kinds of corpora Specialized corpora a corpus of texts of a particular type, such as newspaper editorials, geography textbooks, academic articles in a particular subject, lectures, casual conversations, essays written by students etc. It aims to be representative of a given type of text. It is used to investigate a particular type of language (Hunston 2002: 14)

Specialized corpora The Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English The British Academic Spoken English corpus The British Academic Written English corpus The TOEFL Spoken and Written Academic Language corpus

Design and construction of corpora Authenticity, representativeness and validity Kinds of texts to include Size of the texts Sampling and representativeness

Discourse characteristics of conversational English Non-clausal units Personal pronouns and ellipsis Situational ellipsis Non-clausal units as elliptic replies Repetition Lexical bundles

Performance phenomena of conversational English Silent and filled pauses Utterance launchers and filled pauses Attention signals Response elicitors Non-clausal items as response forms Extended co-ordination of clauses

Constructional principles of conversational English Keep talking Limited planning ahead Qualification of what has been said Prefaces Tags

Corpus studies of the social nature of discourse Spoken language in academic settings (Swales 2003) Dissertation acknowledgements (Hyland 2004)

Collocation and corpus studies Dissertation acknowledgements (Hyland and Tse 2004) Personal ads (Ooi 2001)

Corpus studies and academic writing Academic Vocabulary in Context (Hirsh 2010) University Language (Biber 2006) Register, Genre, and Style (Biber and Conrad 2009) Metadiscourse (Hyland 2005) Academic Discourse (Hyland 2009) Disciplinary Identities (Hyland 2012)

Criticisms of corpus studies Contextual features to consider Social context Communicative purpose Roles of readers and writers Shared cultural values Knowledge of other texts