Unit 4: Building a New Nation Chapter 9: Increasing Conflict & War, 1805-1815

Election of 1804 Jefferson won the 1804 election Troublesome 2nd administration

Neutral America Napoleonic Wars 1803-1815 U.S. encountered difficulties in trading with the British & French while they were at war with each other – faced hostilities British were practicing impressment – forcing the enlistment of sailors into the Navy, including U.S. citizens Angered Americans

Neutral America 1806 Napoleon issued the Berlin Decree to prevent Britain from trading with others Britain responded by requiring neutral ships sailing to European ports to first stop at a British port & pay a tax Made it difficult for neutral ships to follow laws of either nation No immediate effect on the American economy

Neutral America Leopard/Chesapeake Affair (1807) The Leopard fired upon the Chesapeake, killing 3 Americans Americans called for war, but Jefferson decided to use diplomacy & economic sanctions to keep the U.S. out of war

The Hated Embargo Jefferson thought economic pressure would force the French & British to respect U.S. rights of neutrality Passed the Embargo Act of 1807 – forbid the export of all goods from the U.S. Ruinous for the U.S. economy, especially in the NE & South - depression Illegal trade network developed along the Canadian border Repealed in 1809

Election of 1808 James Madison (Dem-Repub) won the 1808 election

Madison’s Administration Tried to end the depression by passing the Non- Intercourse Act, which replaced the Embargo Act Could trade with all countries except France & GB That was replaced in 1810 with Macon’s Bill No. 2 U.S. began trading with France & continued the embargo with Britain

Tecumseh & “the Prophet” Tecumseh & “the Prophet”, brothers who were Shawnee Indians, concluded that the time had come to stop the onrush of settlers in the west

Tecumseh & “the Prophet” Put together a confederacy of all tribes east of the Mississippi Aided by the British? Some politicians, such as Indiana Gov. William Henry Harrison, viewed the Indians & British as obstacles to national destiny

Tecumseh & “the Prophet” At the Battle of Tippecanoe, Harrison & his men attacked followers of the Shawnee Indians & burned their town

War of 1812 War Hawks voted in favor of war Thought they could gain more land in the West Concerned about possible relationship between British & Indians Frustrated by British policies of impressment Federalists opposed the war

Highlights of the War of 1812 Oliver Hazard Perry defeated the British at the Battle of Put-in-Bay

Highlights of the War of 1812 The British burned Washington D.C.

Highlights of the War of 1812 Francis Scott Key wrote “The Star-Spangled Banner” in 1814

Highlights of the War of 1812 The most successful battle fought by the Americans in the war was the Battle of New Orleans, led by Andrew Jackson, which was fought after the war was over

Treaty of Ghent 1814 – a Tie? Restored diplomatic relations between Britain & the U.S. Provided for the acceptance of the status quo at the beginning of hostilities – nothing changed Did not address the issues over which the U.S. & Britain had gone to war, such as impressment and neutral trading rights

Results of the War of 1812 Caused a heightened sense of nationalism – unified the nation War heroes Andrew Jackson & William Henry Harrison emerged Indians were forced further west Americans gained greater industrial independence