Quantum Numbers and Electronic Configuration

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Presentation transcript:

Quantum Numbers and Electronic Configuration

Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle( ) The principle states that it is impossible to know the exact position and momentum of an electron.

How do I know how the electrons are distributed around Si ?

QUANTUM NUMBERS The shape, size, and energy of each orbital is a function of 4 quantum numbers which describe the location of an electron within an atom or ion n ---> energy level l ---> sublevel,shape of orbital ml ---> designates the rotation of the orbital s ---> spin of the electron (clockwise or counterclockwise:

1. Principal quantum number (n) Describes the energy level where the e - can be found.

2. Angular Quantum Number(l) The orbitals, associated with each energy, determine where the electrons are located. This quantum number can take on the values: l=0 (s-orbital) l=1 (p-orbital) l=2 (d-orbital) l=3 (f-orbital)

3.Magnetic Quantum Number ml Magnetic quantum numbers give the 3D orientation of each orbital.

4. Spin quantum number Describes the spin of the electron.

Electron Configuration Electron configuration is a shorthand notation for describing the arrangement of the electrons about the nucleus. General format using the quantum numbers: n l e- n l e- n = principle quantum number l = orbital quantum number e- = number of electrons

Hydrogen: 1s 1

Examples Electronic Configuration: C 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 2, 4 Si How do we know how many electrons are in each level?

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