Measuring Innovation Professor Sunil Mani Centre for Development Studies Trivandrum Kerala, India

Outline Conventional and new indicators Use of indicators to measure effectiveness of innovation policy instruments.

Indicators for measuring the performance of an NSI

1. Conventional a. Input for technology generation: R&D expenditure b. Output of technology generation: Patents data C. Technology balance of payments d. Publications 2. Non-Conventional a. Growth of contract research b. Growth of technology based enterprises C. Growth of Indian MNCs c. Growth of new technology-based industtries d. Incremental innovations e. Innovation surveys

GERD to GDP Ratio: China and India compared to OECD and other emerging economies, 2004

Industrial R&D in India, (Value in Rs Millions)

India: Industrial R&D is increasingly dominated by those by the pharmaceutical sector

Patents granted to inventors from China and India in the US,

Share of Domestic Inventors in Chinese and Indian patents in the US

Share of Individually Owned Patents in Total US Patents Granted to Chinese and Indian inventors

The top 15 emphasized patents by Chinese inventors in the US

The top 15 emphasized patents by Indian Inventors

Trends in R&D expenditure in the Indian pharmaceutical industry Rs in Millions

Recent R&D investments by leading Indian pharmaceutical companies

Trends in disembodied technology imports (millions of US $)

Indian MNCs are on the increase

Interpretation of the results from innovation surveys Response rate-generality of the results Use of innovation survey data: –Innovation activities and expenditures –Source of information on innovation –Barriers to innovation