PAP: Perpendicular to HP and 45o to VP. SAP: perpendicular to PAP and 60o to HP. Mark the points yourself TV b, c 45o a Secondary auxiliary view 60o Primary auxiliary view FV F 1 2 1

PAP: Perpendicular to HP and 45o to VP. SAP: perpendicular to PAP and 60o to HP. Mark the points yourself Secondary auxiliary view TV b, c b2 45o a 60o a2 b1 c2 a1 c1 FV Primary auxiliary view

Mark the points and angles yourself c These 2 planes are perpendicular to each other a b y1 x y a’ b’, c’ b1 d’ c2 d1 c1 a1 x1 These 2 planes are perpendicular to each other These 2 planes are perpendicular to each other

FINDING TRUE LENGTH OF A LINE (SHOWN IN RED) b1 METHOD 2 Auxiliary view method: Draw an auxiliary view of the line with the reference line parallel to the line in one of the principle planes The length of the auxiliary view of the line gives the True Length (TL) of the line FINDING TRUE LENGTH OF A LINE (SHOWN IN RED) y1 True length (TL) of the line Rotate the line b’ a1 New position (parallel to frontal plane) METHOD 1 Rotation method: Rotate the line in one of the principle views such that it is parallel to the other principle planes Project the new position of the line onto a straight line through the end point of the original line in the other view The length of the projection is the True Length (TL) Original position b1’ x1 a’ TV x y FV True length (TL) of the line End point of true length will lie on the same horizontal plane a This line represents the plane on which the end of the line rotates b b1”

Draw the true length of a line by rotation or auxiliary view method True length (TL) of the line FINDING TRUE INCLINATION OF A LINE Draw the true length of a line by rotation or auxiliary view method The angle made by the true length with the reference axis is the TRUE INCLINATION of the line with the adjacent plane In this case it is a with the top plane True inclination of the line with horizontal plane y1 Rotate the line a b’ a1 New position (parallel to frontal plane) Original position b1’ x1 a’ TV x y FV End point of true length will lie on the same horizontal line a a True length (TL) of the line This line represents the plane on which the end of the line rotates b b1”

x2 a2 True length b2, a2 b1 b2 a1 Point view of line PRIMARY AUXILIARY VIEW b3 x1 y2 Auxiliary view of Point view of the line a y1 b TV x y FV a3 An Auxiliary View of the Point View of a line shows always the True Length of the line a’ b’