Should publishers offer OA? Thomas J. Walker University of Florida

Outline OA models for publishers Two BioOne publishers that offer OA What BioOne publishers should do

Who benefits from open access? Researchers Teachers Students The public

Who is afraid of open access? Most publishers

Open Access models Author self-archiving

Open Access models Author self-archiving OA sold by the article (=“hybrid model”)

PNAS 3 Apr 2007 issue $1100 price of OA per article 24% (16 of the 68 articles in this issue are OA)

PNAS 3 Apr 2007 issue $1100 price of OA per article 24% OA All articles freely web accessible 6 months after publication

G. Eysenbach The open access advantage. J Med Internet Res 8(2). Citations to articles published in PNAS in last half of 2004

Open Access models Author self-archiving OA sold by the article (=“hybrid model”) 100% OA

Florida Entomological Society 100% OA since 1994

Florida Entomological Society 1993 OA endorsed 1994 OA via PDF to all articles (1994 forward)

Florida Entomological Society 1993 OA endorsed 1994 OA via PDF to all articles (1994 forward) 1999 OA to complete back-file ( )

FES: Revenues from library subscriptions

Florida Entomological Society 1993 OA endorsed 1994 OA via PDF to all articles (1994 forward) 1999 OA to complete back file ( ) 2001 Obligatory OA fees

Florida Entomologist Obligatory OA fees Articles$100 Scientific notes$ 50

FES: Initial year of OA fees

Florida Entomological Society 1993 OA endorsed 1994 OA via PDF to all articles (1994 forward) 1999 OA to complete back file ( ) 2001 Obligatory OA fees 2002 OA on BioOne (2002 forward)

FES: Summary of OA revenue effects

Entomological Society of America currently ca. 67% OA

Entomological Society of America 1995 GB approves OA sales 1997 GB cancels approval 1999 GB approves OA sales again 2000 OA sales begin!

ESA: Percentage of authors buying OA

ESA: Gross revenues from OA sales

How ESA’s hybrid model generated >$74,000 per year Year No. of OA Average articles price $ $ $150 ESA price for OA by the article = 75% of the cost of 100 paper reprints

Current prices of OA by the article Entomological Society of America [ESA] (1 to 20 pages) $55 to $314 Annals of the Entomological Society of America Journal of Economic Entomology Environmental Entomology Journal of Medical Entomology

Current prices of OA by the article Entomological Society of America [ESA] (1 to 20 pages) $55 to $314 Annals of the Entomological Society of America Journal of Economic Entomology Environmental Entomology Journal of Medical Entomology American Society of Limnology and Oceanography [ASLO] $350 Limnology and Oceanography Limnology and Oceanography: Methods National Academy of Sciences $1100 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) Company of Biologists $2560 Journal of Experimental Biology Development Journal of Cell Science Springer $3000 OpenChoice Elsevier $3000 Sponsored Article program Taylor & Francis $3100 iOpenAccess

What BioOne publishers should do…. Sell OA to your authors at a fair price

Setting the price of OA by the article Price too high –Authors/members will recognize the attempt to profiteer –Service will not be profitable

Setting the price of OA by the article Price too high –Authors/members will recognize the attempt to profiteer –Service will not be profitable Price too low –So many will buy OA that restricted-access revenues will be threatened

What BioOne publishers should do…. Sell OA to your authors at a fair price Provide free access to electronic back-files

Summary Society-based publishers should be fiscally responsible facilitators of OA, not opponents. For more on these topics, find my home page ( and click on “Web access to traditionally published journals”