How Ozone Has Affected the Productivity of Plants on Long Island Margaret T. McGrath Dept. of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, LIHREC, Cornell University, Riverhead, NY

Ozone Injury in Potato and Watermelon

Ozone Injury Pole Bean

Tomato Ozone Injury

Tomato Ozone Injury

Pumpkin Ozone Injury

Pumpkin Ozone Injury

Turk’s Turban Gourd Ozone Injury

Ozone Injury

Ozone Injury

Plant Systems Developed for Determining Impact of Ambient Ozone on Plant Productivity: Ozone Sensitive and Tolerant White Clover Clones Snap Bean Lines

Year hrs O 3 >80 ppb Peak (ppb) Date days July days June days June days June days June 2001 >67 >17 days Aug days July days June 2004 >10 >4 days June days Aug days Jul days Aug

Year hrs O 3 >80 ppb Peak (ppb) Date days July days June days June days June days June 2001 >67 >17 days Aug days July days June 2004 >10 >4 days June days Aug days July days Aug

Year hrs O 3 >80 ppb Peak (ppb) Date days June days June days June days June 2001 >67 >17 days Aug days July days June 2004 >10 >4 days June days Aug days July days Aug 2008 >57 >20 days July

Impact of Ambient Ozone on Plant Productivity on LI: Reduction in Clover Biomass Estimated Based on Comparing Sensitive and Tolerant Clones

Clover System for Assessing Ozone Impact Ozone-sensitive and ozone-tolerant clones. 10 plants of each grown outdoors in pots. Foliage removed, dried, and weighed every 28 days.

Clover Project Activity Dates

Reduction in Biomass Produced by Sensitive Clover Clone

Impact of Ambient Ozone on Plant Productivity on LI: Reduction in Snap Bean Yield Estimated Based on Comparing Sensitive and Tolerant Lines

Snap Bean Lines Differing in Ozone Sensitivity S156 R331

Assessing Ambient Ozone Impact on Plant Productivity in NY with Snap Bean Genotypes Differing in Ozone Sensitivity Planting 1: 5/19/04 5/17/05 5/25/06 5/14/07 5/14/08 Planting 2: 6/16/04 6/17/05 7/3/06 6/12/07 6/12/08 Planting 3: 7/22/04 7/13/05 7/31/06 7/11/07 7/11/08

Seeding Planting #2 6/16/04

Planting #1 7/19/04

Planting #1 7/28/04

Fresh Market Yield Reduction in Sensitive Snap Bean Line (pod wt) Year Planting 1 Planting 2 Planting %42%15% %49%56% %28%(17%) %30%29% 2008(11%)62%25% Planting 1: 5/19/04 5/17/05 5/25/06 5/14/07 5/14/08 Planting 2: 6/16/04 6/17/05 7/3/06 6/12/07 6/12/08 Planting 3: 7/22/04 7/13/05 7/31/06 7/11/07 7/11/08

7/25/08Planting#2Harvested 7/31 - 9/5

8/3/08Planting#2 Fresh Market Pod Yield: 62% less wt 38% less #

Ozone Concentrations, July 2008 in Riverhead, Long Island, NY Number Hours Ozone (ppb) Exceeded

July rainfall: 0.22 inch 7/ inch 7/20 Ozone high: July

Seeding Date Yield Reduction Ozone Exposure (ppb) Fresh market Mature bean avg AOT 40 (harvest 1) AOT 40 (last harvest) 6/27/0335%64% /25/0643%54% /3/0628%30% /31/0617%16% /14/0723%37% /12/0731%48% /11/0729%55%

Mature Seed Number Reduction in Sensitive Snap Bean Line Year Planting 1 Planting 2 Planting %28%49% %22%56% %(12%)(8%) %24%38% Planting 1: 5/19/04 5/17/05 5/25/06 5/14/07 5/14/08 Planting 2: 6/16/04 6/17/05 7/3/06 6/12/07 6/12/08 Planting 3: 7/22/04 7/13/05 7/31/06 7/11/07 7/11/08

Mature Seed Weight Reduction in Sensitive Snap Bean Line Year Planting 1 Planting 2 Planting %24%27% %24%22% %21%(7%) %32%28% Planting 1: 5/19/04 5/17/05 5/25/06 5/14/07 5/14/08 Planting 2: 6/16/04 6/17/05 7/3/06 6/12/07 6/12/08 Planting 3: 7/22/04 7/13/05 7/31/06 7/11/07 7/11/08

Impact of Ambient Ozone on Plant Productivity on LI: < 30% Reduction in Clover Biomass (during a 28-d growth period; 20% overall) < 62% Lower Fresh Market Bean Wt < 56% Fewer Mature Bean Seeds < 42% Lower Mature Bean Seed Wt