Warm-Up What do YOU know about the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade? Essential Question: What effect did slavery have on the development of African countries? Complete on warm-up sheet.

Goree Island The Door of No Return Students read the poem, “The Door of No Return” The Door of No Return

"Take up the White Man's Burden- Send forth the best ye breed- Go blind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need..." -Joseph Rudyard Kipling

Portuguese Traders Age of Exploration Europeans were in search of a new route to India. Arrived in the 1400s for gold, cotton, and ivory By the 1650s, the slave trade was the most lucrative enterprise

Slavery Common in ancient China, Mesopotamia, Greece, and Rome Arabs, Egyptians, and Kushites all held slaves Slave caravans were a common sight in East Africa and the Sahara NO TRADE in slaves was more extensive or more brutal than the TRANS-ATLANTIC trade that took place between 1600-1800s.

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Estimated range between 10-20 million Africans were transported during this period

Portuguese traders bought slaves in Benin and the Niger delta to sell elsewhere. Slaves were needed for sugar plantations in Latin America and Caribbean at first, then others were used in North America

How were the slaves obtained? Traders organized and operated their own slave raids. Traders bought slaves from African kings and chiefs. Some were prisoners of wars between tribes Some tribes raided other groups’ villages in order to capture slaves to sell Some sold their own family members or themselves

Triangular Trade Europeans brought goods (usually guns and trinkets) to Africa in exchange for slaves Slaves were brought to plantations in S. America, Caribbean, and U.S. Sugar, rum, tobacco, and molasses were shipped to Europe to trade for manufactured products

Triangular Trade The order of trade during the slave trade First Leg- Goods from Europe to African kings for slaves Second- Export of slaves to western hemisphere Third- Return of goods from Americas to Europe

The Middle Passage The Middle Passage The slave trade took several triangular routes. Over one route, ships from Europe transported manufactured goods to the west coast of Africa. There, traders exchanged the goods for slaves. Next, the slaves were carried across the Atlantic Ocean to the West Indies and sold for huge profits. This part of the route was called the Middle Passage. The traders used much of their earnings to buy sugar, coffee, and tobacco in the West Indies. The ships then took these products to Europe. The Middle Passage

Trans-Atlantic Exports By Region (1450-1900) Region Number of slaves accounted for % Senegambia 479,900 4.7 Upper Guinea 411,200 4.0 Windward Coast 183,200 1.8 Gold Coast 1,035,600 10.1 Blight of Benin 2,016,200 19.7 Blight of Biafra 1,463,700 14.3 West Central 4,179,500 40.8 South East 470,900 4.6 Total 10,240,200 100.0

Trans-Atlantic Imports By Region (1450-1900) Region Number of slaves accounted for % Brazil 4,000,000 35.4 Spanish Empire 2,500,000 22.1 British West Indies 2,000,000 17.7 French West Indies 1,600,000 14.1 British North America and United States 500,000 4.4 Dutch West Indies 500,000 4.4 Danish West Indies 28,000 0.2 Europe (and Islands) 200,000 1.8 Total11,328,000100.0

The Experience SIMULATION Read “Out of Africa” (back of “The Door of No Return” while students are in the simulation. Note: This was the at the end of Day I.