Equilibrium Potential E x (where x is an ion) Membrane potential with an electrical driving force equal but opposite to the driving force of the concentration.

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Equilibrium Potential E x (where x is an ion) Membrane potential with an electrical driving force equal but opposite to the driving force of the concentration gradient –Applies to a single type of ion Opposite ion is relatively impermeant

Electrical gradient Concentration gradient K+K+ mV 0 Inside Outside Experiment 1

Electrical gradient Concentration gradient K+K+ Inside Outside Experiment 1 A moment later...

Electrical gradient Concentration gradient K+K+ Inside Outside Experiment 1 Another moment later... Equilibrium! mV -90 E K + = -90mV

Electrical gradient Concentration gradient Na + mV 0 Inside Outside Experiment 2 Inside Outside X X

Electrical gradient Concentration gradient Na + Outside Inside Experiment 2 A moment later...

Electrical gradient Concentration gradient Na + Outside Inside Experiment 2 Another moment later... Equilibrium! mV E Na + = +60mV +60

Equilibrium Potential E x (where x is an ion) –E Na + E K + Membrane potential with an electrical driving force equal but opposite to the driving force of the concentration gradient –Applies to a single type of ion Opposite ion is relatively impermeant