Farmers Rights in the Context of IPR under WTO National Workshop on “WTO and the Nepalese Agriculture Sector” Devendra Gauchan, PhD Senior Scientist (Agricultural Economist) Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) National Workshop on “WTO and the Nepalese Agriculture Sector” Organised by: Pro Public 11 April 2007, Lalitpur, Nepal

g]kfnsf] WTO ;b:otf / s[lif;Fu ;DalGwt af}l4s ;DklQsf] clwsf/ / s[ifssf clwsf/ g]kfn df WTO sf] !$& cf}+ ;b:o /fi6« ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g (WTO) df Jofkf/;Fu ;DalGwt af}l4s ;DklQsf] clwsf/ ;Demf}tf (TRIPS) n] af}l4s ;DklQsf] clwsf/sf] sfo{If]q s[lif If]qdf klg lj:tf/ TRIPS sf] -v_ n] æk]6]G6Æ cyjf æk|efjsf/L df}lns k4ltÆ åf/f lj¿jfsf hftsf] ;+/If0f ug'{kg]{ afWofTds cj:yf ;[hgf

Meeting WTO-TRIPS Requirement r'gf}tLx¿!_ hLjgsf] k|sf/df k]6]G6 ax'/fli6«o sDkgLsf] :jfy{ -Psflwsf/, h}ljs rf]/L, ;||f]t / zf]if0f_ s[ifsx?sf] clwsf/df x:tIf]k af}l4s ;DklQsf] clwsf/ ;Demf}tf (TRIPS) n] g]kfnL s[ifsx¿sf] lglDt ;Defjgfx¿sf ;fy} r'gf}tLx¿ ylkPsf 5g\

Why Farmers Rights ( s[ifssf clwsf/) ? g]kfnL s[ifs tyf ;d'bfox¿n] cfˆgf] hLljsfsf] nflu jiff}{+b]lv hLjhGt' tyf af]6 la?jfx¿sf cfg'j+lzs ;|f]tx¿sf] ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g, ;'wf/ / ljsf; ub}{ k/fk"j{sfn b]lv g} s[lif pTkfbgnfO{ lhjGttf lbPsf 5g\. t;y{ pgLx? v]tLug]{ ;fdfGo ls;fg / s[lif dhb'/ dfq geOsg cfg'j+lzs ;|f]tsf] ljsfz ug]{ k|hgs / tL ;|f]tx?sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ ;+/Ifs x'gfn] tL ;|f]tdfly pgLx?sf] clwsf/ :yflkt x'g' k5{ eGg] dfGotf /x]sf] 5.

s[ifsx?sf] clwsf/df r'gf}tLx¿!_ xfnsf] v'nf cy{tGq / g]kfn ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g (WTO) sf] ;b:o eO{ ;s]sf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf s[ifssf] jLpljhg, k/Dk/fut 1fg, nfesf] jfF8kmfF8 / lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] clwsf/x? / hLjg lgjf{x df kg{ ;Sg] WTO sf] ;+efljt c;/x? a9\b} uPsf] 5. o:n] ubf{ u|fdL0f s[ifs ;d'bfo n] :yfgLo :t/df ljsfl;t tyf kl/:s[t ljleGg cfg'j+lzs >f]tx? / To;df cfwfl/t k/Dk/fut 1fg / cd"No df}lns ;Dkbf nf]k eO{ pgLx?sf]] clwsf/df gsf/fTds c;/ kg]{ ;+efjgfdf a[l4 x'Fb} uPsf] 5

s[ifssf clwsf/ –Rights to Seeds: aLpaLhg ;+ro, ;f6f;f6, k'g{k|of]u / laqmL ug]{ clwsf/ –Rights to Traditional Knowledge: k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk, cEof; tyf k|ljlw dflysf] clwsf/ –Right to Equity in Benefit Sharing: ;|f]t / 1fgsf] Jofkfl/s pkof]u afkt k|fKt x'g] nfesf] Gofof]lrt c+z kfpg] clwsf/ –Right to Participate in the Decision making Process: lg0f{o -gLlt tyf sfg'g lgdf{0f_ k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] clwsf/

Provision in Draft PVP Laws of Nepal (2005) s[ifssf] clwsf/ / ljz]ifflwsf/ –k"j{ ;';"lrt ;xdltsf] Joj:yf –aLpm / lj:tfo{ kbfy{sf] k|of]u ug]{, ;+/If0f ug]{, hu]gf{ ug]{, ;f6f;f6 ug]{ / a]r lavg ug]{ clwsf/ –Nffesf] afF8kmfF8df lx:;]bf/ x'g] clwsf/ –Ifltk"lt{sf] Joj:yf

g]kfndf ul/g'kg]{ k|of;x?  s[ifssf] jLpljhg, k/Dk/fut 1fg, nfesf] jfF8kmfF8 / lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] clwsf/x? ;'lglZrt ug{] ;DjGwdf tTsfn pko"Qm s[ifsd'vL gLlt, Jojxfl/s sfg'g, ;+:yfut ;+/rgf tyf ;+oGqsf] lgdf{0f ug{ kxn u/]df dfq xfdL WTO sf] gsf/fTds k|efj jf6 jRg ;S5f}+.  s[lif If]qdf / s[ifsx?s]f hLjg lgjf{x df kg{ ;Sg] WTO sf] ;+efljt c;/x? ;DaGwdf s[ifs ;d'bfosf] r]tgfd'ns sfo{s|dx? ;+rfng ul/g' kg / ljZn]if0ffTds Ifdtf a9fpg' kg]{ h?/L b]lvG5.

g]kfndf ul/g'kg]{ k|of;x?  s[ifs tyf k|hgs b'j}sf] clwsf/nfO{ ;Gt'lnt tl/sfn] /Iff ug{sf lglDt g]kfnåf/f k|efjsf/L df}lns k4lt cjnDag h; cGtu{tsf] P]g lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf  s[ifs;d'bfox?nfO{ ;fdflhs, cfly{s / /fhg}lts ?kdf ;+zQmLs/0f u/L gLlt lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf ;xeflutf u/fpg].  bLuf] pkof]usf sfo{s|d ;+rfng ubf{ s[ifs ;d'bfosf] / gLlh If]q ;d]t nfO{ ;xeflu u/fpg kg]{

g]kfndf ul/g'kg]{ k|of;x? s[ifs tyf k|hgs b'j}sf] clwsf/nfO{ ;Gt'lnt tl/sfn] /Iff ug{sf lglDt g]kfnåf/f k|efjsf/L df}lns k4lt cjnDag h; cGtu{tsf] P]g lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf 5 –s[ifs clwsf/ (Farmers’ Rights), jf}l4s ;DklQsf] clwsf/ jf6 xgg gxf]; eGgsf] nflu :yfgLo:t/df s[ifs Ifdtf clea[l4 sfoqmd, ;+:yfut ;+/rgf / gLltut kxnsf] cfjZos ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug{' h?/L 5 cfg'j+lzs ;|f]tdf kx'Fr, pkof]u / To;af6 ;[lht nfesf]] ;dGoflos afF8kmfF8 k|lqmofdf cfjZos, æjsfntÆ, æjftf{Æ Pj+ æ;Demf}tfÆ ug{sf] nflu rflxg] Ifdtf / 1fg h?/L 5

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