COE 202: Digital Logic Design Combinational Circuits Part 3

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COE 202: Digital Logic Design Combinational Circuits Part 3 Dr. Ahmad Almulhem Email: ahmadsm AT kfupm Phone: 860-7554 Office: 22-324 Ahmad Almulhem, KFUPM 2009

Objectives Decoders Ahmad Almulhem, KFUPM 2009

iPhone motherboard (torontophonerepair.com) Functional Blocks Digital systems consists of many components (blocks) Useful blocks needed in many designs Arithmetic blocks Decoders Encoders Multiplexers iPhone motherboard (torontophonerepair.com) Ahmad Almulhem, KFUPM 2009

Decoder Information is represented by binary codes n-to-2n Decoder . n inputs 2n outputs . Information is represented by binary codes Decoding - the conversion of an n-bit input code to an m-bit output code with n <= m <= 2n such that each valid code word produces a unique output code Circuits that perform decoding are called decoders A decoder is a minterm generator Ahmad Almulhem, KFUPM 2009

Decoder (Uses) Decode a 3-bit op-codes: Home automation: 3-to-8 Add Sub And Xor Not Load Store Jump op0 op1 op2 2-to-4 Decoder Light A/C Door Light-A/C C0 C1 Load a Add b Store c . Ahmad Almulhem, KFUPM 2009

Decoder with Enable A decoder can have an additional input signal called the enable which enables or disables the output generated by the decoder n-to-2n Decoder . n inputs 2n outputs . Enable bit Ahmad Almulhem, KFUPM 2009

2-to-4 Decoder A 2-to-4 Decoder 2 inputs (A1, A0) 22 = 4 outputs (D3, D2, D1, D0) Truth Table A1 A0 D0 D1 D2 D3 1 Src: Mano’s book Ahmad Almulhem, KFUPM 2009

2-to-4 Decoder with Enable Truth Table EN A1 A0 D0 D1 D2 D3 X 1 Src: Mano’s book Ahmad Almulhem, KFUPM 2009

3-to-8 Decoder A2 A1 A0 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 1 3-to-8 Decoder D0 D1 1 3-to-8 Decoder D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A0 A1 A2 Ahmad Almulhem, KFUPM 2009

3-to-8 Decoder 3-to-8 Decoder D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 A0 D6 A1 D7 A2 Ahmad Almulhem, KFUPM 2009

3-to-8 Decoder (using 2 2-to-4 decoders) A0 A1 A2 A0 A1 E A2 A2 A1 A0 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 1 2-to-4 Decoder D4 D5 D6 D7 A0 A1 E Ahmad Almulhem, KFUPM 2009

Decoder-Based Combinational Circuits A Decoder generates all the minterms A boolean function can be expressed as a sum of minterms Any boolean function can be implemented using a decoder and an OR gate. Note: The Boolean function must be represented in terms of its minterms and not its minimized form Ahmad Almulhem, KFUPM 2009

Decoder-Based Combinational Circuits (Example F. A Decoder-Based Combinational Circuits (Example F.A. using 3-to-8 Decoder) S = ∑m (1,2,4,7) C = ∑m (3,5,6,7) 3 inputs and 8 possible minterms 3-to-8 decoder can be used for implementing this circuit X Y Z C S 1 Src: Mano’s book Ahmad Almulhem, KFUPM 2009

Decoder-Based Combinational Circuits (Summary) Good if: Many output functions with same inputs Each output has few minterms Hint: Check if the function complement has fewer minterms and use NOR instead of OR. Ahmad Almulhem, KFUPM 2009

NAND-Decoders (Self-Study) Past decoders were designed using AND gates. Other decoders are designed using NAND gates. You need to answer these questions: What is the NAND-Decoder? Why does the NAND-Decoder exist? How to use the outputs of the NAND-Decoder to represent a combinational circuit? Mohammad Nassef, FCI-CU-EG