CHAPTER 8: Belief and Practice in Metaphysics. Metaphysics challenge dominant conceptions of the divine saving force of the mind correspondence magic.

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Presentation transcript:

CHAPTER 8: Belief and Practice in Metaphysics

Metaphysics challenge dominant conceptions of the divine saving force of the mind correspondence magic combination

Metaphysical Movements in America 1)elite esoteric religions from Europe 2)popular herbal & magical practices 3)19 th -century middle-class forms 4)later mind-oriented forms

Metaphysical Sources in the Western Tradition Hellenistic mystical systems o Hermeticism o Neoplatonism o Gnosticism o astrology o alchemy o Kabbalah

Post-Renaissance Metaphysical Sources Paracelsianism o healing using correspondence theory Rosicrucianism o later form of Hermeticism Freemasonry

Metaphysical Practice in the Colonies elite & non-elite forms astrology o judicial or natural witchcraft o Woman in the Wilderness o cunning folk

19 th -Century Metaphysical Revival Transcendentalists o Emerson o inspiration in nature o cultivate individual spirituality influence of Swedenborg

Popular Metaphysics in a New Nation 19 th -century sources of “newness” o factories, railroads, steamboats o progress & “manifest destiny” immigration & migration

Spiritualism Andrew Jackson Davis séances female mediums mental or physical mediumship o psychic phenomena o rappings, table-tipping, automatic writing

Theosophical Society Helena P. Blavatsky o Mahatmas o Isis Unveiled o The Secret Doctrine Colonel Henry S. Olcott

Goals of Theosophy 1)search for occult knowledge 2)universal brotherhood of all people 3)study of comparative religions

Spread of Theosophical Ideas Asian religious concepts o karma o reincarnation expectation for a “new age”

Theosophy after Blavatsky Annie Besant o 50,000 members by 1930 o present in 40 countries multiple schisms o William Judge

New Thought influence of Phineas Quimby Warren Felt Evans o The Mental Cure Emma Curtis Hopkins o taught many New Thought leaders

New Thought Practices affirmative prayer “self-help” bestsellers o In Tune with the Infinite o The Power of Positive Thinking

Mystical & Psychic Frontiers William James o The Varieties of Religious Experience o pragmatism Aldous Huxley o perennial philosophy

Later American Metaphysics neopaganism scientific-technological groups o Scientology o Heaven’s Gate o UFO groups

OVERVIEW Western roots 19 th -century developments o Transcendentalists o Spiritualism o Theosophy o New Thought

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