Global Training Network ProgrammeWorld Health Organization A medical incident that takes place after an immunization, causes concern, and is believed to be caused by immunization u Vaccine reaction - caused by vaccine’s inherent properties u Programme error - caused by error in vaccine preparation, handling, or administration u Coincidental - happens after immunization but not caused by it è a chance association u Injection reaction - anxiety or pain of injection not vaccine u Unknown - cause cannot be determined

Global Training Network ProgrammeWorld Health Organization Common, minor reactions vaccine stimulates immune system settle on their own warn parents and advise how to manage Rare, more serious reactions anaphylaxis (serious allergic reaction) vaccine specific reactions

Global Training Network ProgrammeWorld Health Organization Irritability, malaise & systemic symptoms Fever >38C BCG Hib HepB Measles/ MMR Polio (OPV) DTP (pertussis) Tetanus 90-95% 5-15% Adults: 15%; Children: 5% ~10% - Up to 50% ~10%* % % <1% Up to 50% ~10% % 5% rash <1%** Up to 55% ~25% * Rate of local reactions likely to increase with booster doses, up to 50-85% ** Symptoms include diarrhoea, headache, and/or muscle pains Vaccine Local reaction (pain, swelling, redness)

Global Training Network ProgrammeWorld Health Organization Local reaction cold cloth at injection site paracetamol Fever >38°C give extra fluids tepid sponging paracetamol Irritability malaise and systemic symptoms give extra fluids paracetamol

Global Training Network ProgrammeWorld Health Organization (1 st dose) 0.17 (subsequent doses) 0.15 (contacts) 4-30 daysVaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) Risk is higher for first dose, adults, and immunocompromised OPV days days 0-1 hour Febrile seizures Thrombocytopaenia Anaphylaxis Measles /MMR hour 1-6 weeks Anaphylaxis Guillain Barré syndrome Hep B Nil known Hib months 1-12 months Suppurative lymphadenitis BCG osteitis Disseminated BCG BCG Rate per million doses Onset interval ReactionVaccine

Global Training Network ProgrammeWorld Health Organization hours 0-3 days 0-24 hours 0-1 hour 0-3 days Persistent (>3 hrs) inconsolable screaming Seizures Hypotonic, hyporesponsive episode (HHE) Anaphylaxis/shock Encephalopathy DTP Nil extra to tetanus reactions Tetanus-diphtheria days 0-1 hour 1-6 weeks Brachial neuritis Anaphylaxis Sterile abscess Tetanus Rate per million doses Onset interval ReactionVaccine

Global Training Network ProgrammeWorld Health Organization in infants<6 months days 0-1 hours Post-vaccination Encephalitis Allergic reaction/anaphylaxis Yellow fever Serious allergic reaction Neurological event Japanese encephalitis Rate per million doses Onset intervalReactionVaccine

Global Training Network ProgrammeWorld Health Organization BCG Hib HepB Measles/ MMR/MR u Suppurative lymphadenitis u BCG osteitis u Disseminated BCG infection è 1 in 1000 to 1 in è 1 in 3000 to 1 in 100 million è ~1 in 1 million u None known u Anaphylaxis è 1 in u Febrile seizures u Thrombocytopaenia u Severe allergic reaction u Anaphylaxis u Encephalopathy è 1 in 3000 è 1 in è ~1 in è ~1 in 1 million è <1 in 1 million ReactionIncidence

Global Training Network ProgrammeWorld Health Organization Tetanus Pertussis ( DTP- whole cell) ReactionIncidence Polio (OPV) u Vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis u Risk is higher for first dose, adults, and immunocompromised è 1 in million doses è 1 in first dose compared to 1 in 5.1 million for subsequent doses u Brachial neuritis u Anaphylaxis è in è 1 in to 1 in u Persistent inconsolable screaming u Seizures u Hypotonic, hyporesponsive episode (HHE) u Anaphylaxis u Encephalopathy (Note: Risk may be zero) è 1 in 15 to 1 in 1000 è 1 in 1750 to 1 in è 1 in 1000 to 1 in è 1-6 in million è 0-1 in 1 million