Biology 212 Anatomy & Physiology I Dr. Thompson Digestive System.

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Presentation transcript:

Biology 212 Anatomy & Physiology I Dr. Thompson Digestive System

Functions:

Organs Two functional groups: 1. Alimentary Canal or Gastrointestinal tract 2. Accessory Digestive Organs

Organs:

Oral Cavity:

Paired Salivary Glands:

Saliva: 97% - 99% water Solutes:

Swallowing

From esophagus to anus: 4 concentric layers or tunics Alimentary Canal:

Esophagus: Propels food from pharynx to stomach Posterior to trachea & heart Mucosa: Submucosa: Muscularis Externa: Adventitia:

Esophagus: Passes from thorax to abdomen through diaphragm, enters stomach (left of midline).

Stomach: Storage: Highly distensible Delivers slowly to duodenum Secretion of mucous, hydrochloric acid Secretion of enzyme - Digestion of proteins Secretion of enzyme - Digestion of lipids Secretion of enzyme - Absorption of B 12

Stomach:

Small Intestine:Total length: 6 to 7 meters Diameter: 2.5 to 3 centimeters

Small Intestine: Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Small Intestine: DUODENUM: Receives Secretes JEJUNUM: ILEUM:

Small Intestine:

Mucosa specialized three ways to increase surface area for absorption

Large Intestine (colon): From ileocecal junction to anus ~ 2 meters long ~ 5 to 8 cm diameter

Abdominal Accessory Organs:

Liver

Digestive functions:

Liver:

Pancreas:

Produces many different digestive enzymes: Amylases: starches & monosaccharides glycogen & disaccharides Proteases: proteins amino acids Lipases: diglycerides & fatty acids triglycerides & glycerol Nucleases: nucleic acids nucleotides

The abdominal cavity is lined by a double-layered serous membrane

More terminology:

Intraperitoneal Retroperitoneal

Intestinal Motility: Moves liquid distally

Digestion: Breakdown of food into molecules small enough to be absorbed from the lumen of the intestine into its blood vessels. Four types of molecules = more than 95% of total: Also: Nucleic acids Ions (electrolytes, minerals) Vitamins ? Others ?

Mechanical digestion Chemical digestion Absorption of nutrients electrolytes vitamins Absorption of water

All absorbed molecules

Since contents include many foreign substances, including microorganisms, your immune system considers it “outside” so Lined by many lymphatic and immune tissues in lamina propria and submucosa Alimentary Canal: