“Cellular RESPIRATION”

What is the difference between respiration and breathing ?

Respiration The transfer of stored energy in food molecules to a form usable by the organism AND involves the exchange of gases between the organism and the environment

Process Through the process of respiration, the organism produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is a used form of energy

Process (ATP) (ADP + P) Click on this link and be patient as it loads: From food to FuelFrom food to Fuel

1. Cellular Respiration Involves a series of enzyme- controlled reactions in which _____ in _____ is broken down into energy that the organism can use _____.

Remember: Hydrolysis of ATP When ATP is broken down, energy is released and ADP is formed ____ + ____  ____ + ____ + ____ This is the energy used by the body to carry out the functions of life ADP = adenosine diphosphate

Do Now: What words would you cluster together if you heard the words AEROBIC RESPIRATION? And explain why? 1.____ 2.____ 3.____ 4.____

________ (C6H12O6) 2 pyruvic acid +2 ATP 2 PGAL (C3H5O3) Glycolysis (splitting glucose) ________ Net Gain:??? ________

Glycolysis (____ of ____ glucose) Net Energy Yield from Glycolysis +___ ATP Energy requiring steps: –2 ATP invested Energy releasing steps: –2 NADH formed –4 ATP formed Net yield is 2 ATP and 2 NADH

Glycolysis (splitting glucose) All three reactions with Glycolysis Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm Reactions are catalyzed by enzymes Glucose2 Pyruvate (six carbons) (three carbons)

Types of Respiration 1.__________________ -involves the use of oxygen 2. __________________ -oxygen is not used

Respiration Respiration- is an organisms’ ability to create energy. (ATP ) Respiration _______________ Respiration _______________ Respiration _________ Fermentation _________ Fermentation

Anaerobic Respiration Also known as _________ Does not require _________ Takes place in the _________ of cell Glucose is either broken down into _________ or _____ and _____ As a result of anaerobic respiration, there is a net gain of _____ ATP’s

The TWO Equations for Anaerobic Respiration ______  2 ____ ____ + __ ____ ______  2 _______ + 2 ___ + __ ATP’s In each equation, enzymes are used and a net gain of 2 ATP’s are produced lactic acid Fermentation Alcohol fermentation

Lactic Acid Fermentation _______ 2 pyruvic acid 2 ATP Lactic Acid 4 ATP “Lactic Acid Fermentation

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Alcoholic Fermentation ________ 2 Pyruvic acid 2 ATP Alcohol + CO 2 4 ATP “Alcoholic Fermentation”

Alcoholic Fermentation

Alcoholic Fermentation Identify what would “X” be?

1._________ 2.__________ Cytoplasm Pyruvic acid Electrons carried in NADH 3._____ ____ Electrons carried in NADH and FADH 2 4. _______ _______ _____ Mitochondrion Label the picture below: Cellular Respiration:

Aerobic Respiration Requires _________ Takes place in the __________ When we say that glucose is_______, we say that it is _______ down with the help of oxygen molecules

Aerobic Respiration 3 Steps/Stages

Do Now: What does this box represent? _________ What reaction is taking place? _________ Does this happen in plants, animals or both?

Equation for Aerobic Respiration _______ + ____  H 2 O + ____ + ____ ATP’s Again, enzymes are used and a net of _____ ATP’s are produced

Aerobic Respiration ________ 2 Pyruvic acid 2 ATP +4 ATP + ___ Water + ____ +34 ATP ***Net Gain = ___ATPs***

Aerobic Respiration What else can you tell me about it?

Who am I?

Do Now: What is the relationship between photosynthesis and aerobic respiration?

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Video 1 Click the image to play the video segment. Video 1 Aerobic Respiration

Video 2 Click the image to play the video segment. Video 2 Glycolysis

Video 3 Click the image to play the video segment. Video 3 Krebs Cycle, Part 1

Summary Anaerobic Respiration = 2 ATP’s Aerobic Respiration = 36 ATP’s Therefore, Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic respiration

Aerobic Respiration and Photosynthesis

Are the lights that hang over this lab setup on or off? Carbon Dioxide Output vs. Time

Adaptations for Respiration

Monera, Protista, and Fungi Gas exchange occurs by diffusion through a thin, moist cell membrane

Plants Leaves- have stomates for gas exchange Stems- have lenticels for gas exchange Roots- gas exchange occurs across a moist membrane of root hairs (diffusion)

Hydra Each cell of the hydra is in contact with the watery environment and gas exchange occurs by diffusion

Earthworm Double Diffusion –Skin –Circulatory System Requires moist skin The earthworm absorbs oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide through a thin skin. This skin is protected by a thin cuticle secreted by the epidermis and kept moist by a slimy mucus also produced by epidermal cells.

Grasshopper Uses Tracheal Tubes Air Sacs Spiracles

TO RESPIRE: inhaling and exhaling… Inhalation = O 2 (oxygen) enters the body system Exhalation =CO 2 (carbon dioxide) is passed out of the body

Your Respiratory System Nose (nasal cavity) Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles alveoli pleura diaphragm

You’re doing A fine job dear….

Your Metabolism has two major phases. Catabolism- the breaking down of complex substances. The destructive phase of your metabolism AKA: Anabolism- the building of new substances. AKA- (Digestion or Hydrolysis) Synthesis

A process by which simple substances are combined “chemically” to form more complex substances. –These materials are used for growth and repair of the organism.

The Borg Ingestion Growth Synthesis Transport Digestion

Cells synthesize (or makes) their own proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids. use enzymes and energy to synthesize proteins, as do you…. Cells must constantly make new materials for growth and repair.

Secretion Some cells synthesize materials that are not used within that cell, but are needed somewhere else. Such products are called secretions.

Types of Secretions 1.Enzymes – maltase, lactase, and luciferase 2.Hormones – adrenaline, testosterone, and insulin 3.Neurotransmitters –acetylcholine and noradrenalin

4. Other types of Secretion: Mucus- coats organs Chitin- exoskeletons and fungal cell walls Poisons- defense and capturing food

Hydrochloric acid- for enzymatic hydrolysis Saliva Fat- Storage, insulation and protection Like ear wax Cellulose- cell walls

Luciferase is the enzyme that allows bioluminescent reactions to occur in fireflies.

Aerobic Respiration Glucose + O 2  H 2 O + CO ATP’s Again, enzymes are used and a net of 36 ATP’s are producedAgain, enzymes are used and a net of 36 ATP’s are produced Equations for Anaerobic Respiration Equations for Anaerobic Respiration 1. Lactic Acid Fermentation glucose  2 lactic acids + 2 ATP’s 2. Alcoholic Fermentation glucose  2 alcohol + 2 CO ATP’s In each equation, enzymes are used and a net gain of 2 ATP’s are produced