CHEMISTRY OF LIFE CH. 3 SECTION 1

What is matter? Everything you see around you is made up of matter and energy. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Energy is anything that brings about change.

Organic Compounds Always contain Carbon and Hydrogen. Usually are associated with living things. - Exception to the rule - Some nonliving things that COME FROM living things are considered organic -Ex: Coal (contains organic compounds)

4 Groups of Organic Compounds Carbohydrates Supply energy for the cell processes Ex: Sugar and starches Ex: Cellulose (important for plant cell structure) Supply short term energy storage Store left over sugar as fat (lipids)

Lipids Fats and Oils These do NOT mix with water Store and releases even larger amounts of energy than carbs Store large amounts of energy long term Breaks down for energy when carbs are gone Form boundaries around cells Cell Membrane is made of phospholipids

Proteins Building blocks of make structures in organisms Made up of smaller molecules called amino acids Muscles contain proteins Special proteins called enzymes regulate almost all chemical reactions in the cell Ex: skin and hair

Nucleic Acids Large molecules that store important codes in cells DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Inorganic Compounds Made from elements other than carbon Needed by living things Plants get I.C. from the soil Animals get I.C. from what we eat Ex: Water – H 2 O Calcium Phosphate – (gives strength to bones) Hydrochloric Acid – (helps break down food in the stomach)