1 RESAFE - Innovative fertiliser from urban waste, bio-char and farm residues as substitute of chemicals fertilisers Alice Dall’Ara – ENEA UTTMATF Sergio Sangiorgi – ENEA UTTMATF 10/06/ Month Meeting CEBAS-CSIC premisis Murcia (ES) LIFE12 ENV/IT/ ENEA –UTTMATF Progress Report Months 1-6

2 ACTIONDATE B.1. Demonstration of proper recipes through the characterization of organic waste and final products Jan- June’14 B.2. Demonstration of HQ-ORBP (High Quality Organic Matter Based Product) production at laboratory level Mar-Dec’14 C.1. Monitoring of organic waste and final products Mar’14 -June’15 E. Project managementContinuous ENEA activities

3 Methods SourceTechnology Scientific Literature and available data UOW, FOR and biochar Selection of the appropriate raw materials UOW, FOR Composting, pyrolysis Selection of proper VAPRESAFE 1 Full characterization of samples(Action C.1) RECIPES to use in demonstration plants 3 recipes (1 for each Country) Action B.1 Demonstration of proper recipes through the characterization of Organic waste and final products with Beneficiaries contribution

4 Materials used SOURCE COUNTRY%Receipt FOR, UOW, BIOCHAR and VAP IT FOR:UOW 50:50 * FOR+UOW *FOR+UOW+VAP *FOR+UOW +VAP +BC FOR, UOW, BIOCHAR and VAP ES FOR:UOW 30:70 * FOR+UOW *FOR+UOW+VAP *FOR+UOW +VAP +BC FOR, UOW and VAP CY FOR:UOW 30:70 20:80 * FOR+UOW *FOR+UOW+VAP Action B.1 Recipe for HQ-ORBP production at laboratory level Instructions for Lab tests

Cooperation for instructions for lab test in Italy, Spain and Cyprus Cooperation for lab test in Italy (initial implementation) 5 Action B.2 Demonstration of HQ-ORBP production at laboratory level

Raw material and waste characterization: Thermal analysis (TG and DTG) XRD analysis BET analysis 6 Action C.1 Monitoring of organic waste and final products SEM Analysis (* specific presentation) : Balance and furnace in TG NETZSCH 409 C

7 Action C.1 Atmosphere: Air with a flow rate of 100 mL/min (Spanish and Italian biochar: Argon). Heating rate =10 °C/min Tf=1000°C Sample Weight ≈1 g Sample carrier= 3.4 ml in volume. Dried samples: t=15 h T=40 °C (ES-UOW, ES-FOR, IT-UOW, IT-FOR) t=15 h T=50 °C ( IT-BC,ES-BC) The Netzsch TA window software was used for data processing of the results. THERMAL ANALYSIS Samples Name N° Wet SampleN° Dried Sample Urban Organic Waste (Compos ES t)ES-UOW11 Farm Organic Residue (HorseManure)ES-FOR13 Spain BiocharES-BC-1 Urban Organic Waste (Compost Italy)IT-UOW33 Farm Organic Residue (Poultry Manure) IT-FOR-1 Biochar IT-BC-1 SAMPLES CONDITION

Figure: TG and DTG for wet (green line) and for dried (red line) ES-UOW samples Dried Wet I STEP II STEP IV STEP III STEP SampleI STEPII STEPIII STEPIV STEPTOT ES-UOW d-4.30 % % % % % ES-UOW w % % % % % ES-UOW Action C.1

I STEP II STEP Figure: TG and DTG for ES-BC samples SampleI STEPII STEPTOT ES-BC-3.96%-8.83 %12.79 % ES-BC Action C.1

I STEP II STEP Dried Wet SampleI STEPII STEPTOT 1ES-FOR dried-7.33 % % % 2ES-FOR dried-7.92 % % % 3ES-FOR dried-7.46 % % % 1ES-FOR wet % % % Figure: TG and DTG for IT-FOR sample ES-FOR Action C.1

II STEP I STEP III STEP TG - Dried Sample II STEP IV STEP IT-UOW SampleI STEPII STEPIV STEPTOT IT-UOW d-4.30 % % % % IT-UOW d-4.52 % % % % IT-UOW d-4.62 % % %-44.20% IT-UOW w % % % % IT-UOW w % %-9.29 % % IT-UOW w % %-9.44 %-62.10% Figure: TG and DTG for IT-UOW sample TG - Wet Action C.1

I Step II Step III Step SampleI STEPII STEPIII STEPTOT IT-FOR-6.77 % % % % IT-FOR Figure: TG and DTG for IT-FOR sample Action C.1

I Step III Step IV Step I Step II Step SampleI STEPII STEPIII STEP IV STEP TOT IT-BC-0.54 %-0.36 %-0.93 %-1.73 %-3.56 % Figure : TG and DTG for IT-BC sample IT-BC Action C.1

14 XRD (X-RAY DIFFRACTION) ANALYSIS Experimental apparatus to perform diffraction measures with Bragg-Brentano geometry. Sample and sample holder Action C.1

XRD (X-RAY DIFFRACTION) ANALYSIS Samples Name Spain Urban Organic Waste (Compost)ES-UOW Spain Farm Organic Residue (HorseManure)ES-FOR Spain BiocharES-BC Compost ItalyIT-UOW Farm Organic Residue (Poultry Manure)- Italy IT-FOR Italian biocharIT-BC SAMPLES Angular rangeStepTime for stepAnode (wavelength) secCopper (1.54 nm) In order to obtained XRD patterns, samples was ground in mortar and pressed in sample holder. Instrument parameters was generally set following the scheme reported below: Regarding biochar samples the range of angular positions used is theta(°) The phase analysis were carried out with the X’Pert High Score software Version 2.2° (PANalytical B.V., Almelo, The Netherlands) equipped with ICDD PDF2 database release 1996 (sets 1-50 plus 77-88).

XRD for ES-SAMPLES XRD pattern for ES-BC. It is noticeable the presence of calcite (chard n° ) XRD pattern for ES-UOW. It is noticeable the presence of calcite (chard n° ) and quartz (chard n° ) Action C.1

XRD pattern for IT-UOW. Also in this case, It is noticeable the presence of calcite (chard n° ) and quartz (chard n° ) XRD for IT-FOR. The main inorganic crystalline phases detected are calcite (chard n° ) and struvite (chard n° ). Action C.1

XRD for IT-BC. From xrd analysis it is noticeable four main phases: quartz ( ), Ca(OH) 2 ( ), cristobalite ( ), calcite ( ). XRD pattern suggests also the presence of sulphates, even though the exact nature of these compounds must be subject of further investigations Action C.1

Surface area determination This method involves the determination of the amount of N 2 adsorbed on sample’s surface by measuring the pressure change in a static system at constant volume and temperature. Sample: Biochar CodeSurface Area (m2/g) IT-BC6.6 ES-BC127.1 The Brunauer, Emmett e Teller (BET) theory assume the formation of N 2 monolayer of adsorbate to cover the external and the accessible internal pore surfaces of a solid. The specific surface area was determined by means single point BET method. Action C.1

20 ACTIONDATE B.2. Demonstration of HQ-ORBP (High Quality Organic Matter Based Product) production at laboratory level Mar-Dec’14 B.3. Demonstration of HQ-ORBP (High Quality Organic Matter Based Product) production at (pilot) semi-industrial scale Sept ’14- June ’15 C.1. Monitoring of organic waste and final products Mar’14 -June’15 C.3,4,5 Monitoring of environmental benefit of Agriculture Application in Italy, Dec’14- Dec’15 D. Communication and Dissemination (fairs, press releases, contribution to website, etc.) Continuous E. Project managementContinuous ENEA next step

21 Thanks for your attention ENEA UTTMATF Via Ravegnana, Faenza (RA) Tel Fax