Reading and Language Arts Chapter 6
What Does the Lack of Phonemic Awareness Look Like? Children lacking PA skills cannot: group words with similar and dissimilar sounds (mat, mug, sun) Blend and split syllables (f oot) Blend sounds into words (m_a_n) Segment a word as a sequence of sounds (fish is made up of three phonemes, /f/, /i/, /sh/) Detect and manipulate sounds within words (change r in run to s for sun)
Correct errors by telling the answer and repeat correct answer Example: “The first sound in man is /mmm/. Say the first sound in mmman with me, /mmm/. /Mmmmmm/.” Non-example: Asking the question again or asking more questions. “Look at the picture again. What is the first sound?”
Sound Isolation Example Instruction – Conspicuous Strategies Show children how to do all the steps in the task before asking children to do the task. Example: (Put down 2 pictures that begin with different sounds and say the names of the pictures.) “My turn to say the first sound in man, /mmm/. Mmman begins with /mmm/. Everyone, say the first sound in man, /mmm/.” Non-example: “Who can tell me the first sounds in these pictures?
Phonological Deficits Frequently appear as articulation disorders. Child omits a consonant: “oo” for you Child substitutes one consonant: “wabbit” for rabbit Discrimination: child hears “go get the nail” instead of mail
Informal Tests of Phonology Analyze student’s production of phonemes in single words. List of all the consonant phonemes + pictures to depict words containing each phoneme (e.g., picture of a pot for initial /p/, map for final /p/). Include a comments section to describe the error recorded. Provide prompts – “Tell me about your weekend for 3-minute sample, count correct and incorrect phonemes.
Activity In small groups, analyze phonemic awareness activities. Choose 1-2 activities that you think the rest of the class should be aware of. Identify the specific skills the activity is working on and why is that important. Duplicate the activity with hands on materials. Teach the class the activity