Video Production for Education & Training Bill Duff, Jr. Copyright 1999 College of Human Resources & Education West Virginia University

Camera - Professional

Camera - Consumer

Camera - Parts Lens Zoom Focus Filter White balance Viewfinder

Camera - Parts Camera Lens Enclosure Light capturing device

Camera - Parts Lens A curved glass Bends light to a point

Camera - Parts CCD Shutter speed: normal”1/100 1/250 1/500 1/1,000 1/2,000 1/4,000 1/8,000 1/10, Corresponding f-stop:: Shutter speed being the speed at which the shutter opens & closes (1 Frame) F-stop being the amount of light allowed to enter the lens

Camera - Parts Lens Zoom Focus Filter White balance Viewfinder

Camera - Parts Lens Zoom Focus Filter White balance Viewfinder

Camera - Parts Lens Zoom Focus Filter White balance Viewfinder

Camera - Parts Lens Zoom Focus Filter White balance Viewfinder

White balance

Camera - Parts Lens Zoom Focus Filter White balance Viewfinder

Camera - Viewfinder CRT -cathode ray tube LCD - liquid crystal display Eyepiece

Camera - Viewfinder Status indicators can include:  a tally light indicating that tape is rolling or that camera is "on the air"  a low battery warning  minutes of tape remaining  color balancing may be needed  low light; insufficient exposure  low-light boost (gain selector switch) circuit in operation

Camera - Viewfinder Viewfinder status indicators can include the following items:  indoor/outdoor filter in place  zoom lens setting indicating how much further you can zoom in or out  auto/manual iris status  audio level meter  tape footage counter  a zebra pattern for setting video levels

Camera - Parts Lens Zoom Filter White balance Shutter speed Viewfinder Tripod

Camera Tripods –Adjustable –Fluid Heads

Camera Recording Formats VHS - 1/2 inch 3/4” 8mm 1” S-VHS Hi-8 BetaCam SP D-1,2,3

Recording Frames Control Track Timecode

Camera composition Center your object or person Close-ups - shoot tight Avoid movement unless taping a moving object Focus - zoom in and focus, then pull back

Lighting Direct & Indirect (sunlight vs light bulb) Measured in Kelvin

Lighting 100 watt light bulb1850 Kelvin Candle flame1900 Kelvin Quartz light3200 Kelvin Fluorescent4500 Kelvin Daylight5500 Kelvin Overcast Daylight7500 Kelvin Clear Day Kelvin

Lighting light level is measured in foot-candles or lux. A foot-candle is a measure of light intensity from a candle at a distance of one foot a foot-candle is equal to about 10 lux.

Lighting Techniques Three point lighting serves 3 functions:  key lights  fill lights  back or background lights

Lighting Techniques

key lights - main subject light fill lights - diffused light filling whole area back or background lights - separates subject from background -1/3 less intensity than key light

Light Meters Light meters are used to measure light intensity. Reflected Light Meters Spot meters incident light meter

Lighting Techniques Extra lighting sources - –scrims –reflectors –bounce –light boxes

Types of Lighting Incandescent Quartz HMI Camera lights

Types of Lighting Floods Spots Barn Doors Ellipsoidals

Types of Lighting Ellipsoidal cookies

Lighting Techniques Controlling lighting externally: –TBC (Time Base Corrector) compensates for time variation in video. –Allows adjustment in video and black level –Allows adjustment in hue (color) and saturation (intensity)