Introduction to Biology and Populations Ecology JEOPARDY!! Community 1– Species Diversity, Dominant Species, Reponse to Disturbances Community 2- Trophic Structure, Community Interactions Ecosystems 1- Energy Flow Ecosystems 2- Chemical Cycling Potpourri

10 Community 1 What are the two components of species diversity? (Define, too!)

10 (1) Species richness- amount of species present (2) Species abundance- the amount of organisms that make up each species, aka “evenness” Community 1

20 Community 1 Define Keystone Species.

20 Community 1 A species that exerts strong control over a community because of its niche

30 Community 1 Define climax community.

30 Community 1 The most stable community in the given environment until some disturbance occurs.

30 Community 1

40 Community 1 A forest is devastated by a forest fire. What may this lead to and why?

40 Community 1 *Secondary succession (if soil is intact after fire) *Increased species diversity overtime.

50 Community 1 List the organism that would give rise as a result of primary succession in a community

50 autotrophic prokaryotes  lichens, mosses  grasses  shrubs  trees  c limax communty Community 1

10 The trophic level that supports all others are the… Community 2

Producers 10 Community 2

20 If two different species are competing for the same resource, this is called… Community 2

Interspecific Competition 20 Community 2

30 List two prey capturing strategies Community 2

*acute senses, mimicry, fast and agile, claws, teeth, fangs, etc 30 Community 2

40 Define Coevolution. Which community interaction demonstrates this? Community 2

Herbivory- Herbivory- Coevolution occurs when a change in one species acts as a new selective force on another species, and counteradaptation of the second species in turn affects the selection of individuals in the first species. 40 Community 2

50 Define the competitive exclusion principle. Community 2

50 two species so similar that they compete the same limited resources cannot coexist in the same place. Community 2

10 Ecosystems 1- Energy Flow Define Ecosystem.

consists of all the organisms in a community as well as the abiotic environment with which the organisms interact. 10 Ecosystems 1- Energy Flow

20 Define Energy Flow. Ecosystems 1- Energy Flow

. the passage of energy through the components of the ecosystem.. 20 Ecosystems 1- Energy Flow

30 Why isn’t all of the energy transferred from one trophic level to the next? Where does it go? Ecosystems 1- Energy Flow

30 Ecosystems 1- Energy Flow Energy is lost as heat through cellular respiration and through wastes.

40 Explain what is represented through a Pyramid of Production (including units) Ecosystems 1- Energy Flow

40 Ecosystems 1- Energy Flow *Illustrates the cumulative loss of energy with each transfer in a food chain. *Only about 10% of energy is actually passed on to each trophic level. *measured in joules or calories

50 *What is primary production? *Which ecosystem provides the greatest primary production for the biosphere? Ecosystems 1- Energy Flow

50 Ecosystems 1- Energy Flow *is the amount of solar energy converted to chemical energy (organic compounds) by an ecosystem’s producers for a given area and during a give time period. *Open ocean

10 Ecosystems 2- Chemical Cycling What happens to chemicals in an ecosystem that differs from what happens to energy?

10 Ecosystems 2- Chemical Cycling Chemicals are recycled

20 Ecosystems 2- Chemical Cycling How do animals get Carbon?

20 Ecosystems 2- Chemical Cycling By consuming plants and/or animals that have consumed plants.

30 Ecosystems 2- Chemical Cycling What are the abiotic reservoirs for nitrogen?

30 Ecosystems 2- Chemical Cycling Atmosphere and soil

40 Ecosystems 2- Chemical Cycling How does Carbon get back into the abiotic reservoirs?

40 Ecosystems 2- Chemical Cycling *Cellular respiration *Combustion

50 Ecosystems 2- Chemical Cycling How do plants get nitrogen? (explain at least two ways)

50 Ecosystems 2- Chemical Cycling PLANTS NEED NITROGEN IN THE FORM OF NO3- (NITRATE!!) *lightning turns N 2 to NO 3 - *Nitrogen-fixing bacteria turn N 2 to NH 3 and nitrifying bacteria turn NH 3 into NO 3 - *decomposers produce NH 3 when they consume dead organisms, which will be turned into NO 3 - by nitrifying bacteria *wastes contain NH 3, which will be turned into NO 3 - by nitrifying bacteria.

10 My name is Bond, Ionic Bond; Taken, not shared! Cells

10 Population Growth From: Mariano Cecowski Q: if both a bear in Yosemite and one in Alaska fall into the water which one disolves faster? A: The one in Alaska because it is HIJKLMNO

10 Population Growth Alimentary: What Sherlock Holmes said to Dr. Watson. Urinate: What a nurse would say if a patient asked her what room he's in. Urine - The opposite of "You're out!" Benign: What we want when we are eight. Intestine - Currently taking an exam CARDIOLOGY: advanced study of poker playing TERMINAL ILLNESS: getting sick at the airport

10 Potpourri Barnacles that attach to whales describes what kind of symbiotic relationship?

10 Potpourri Commensalism (one benefits while the other is unaffected)

10 Population Growth

20 Potpourri What causes a surface runoff?

Precipitation to land exceeding evaporation from land. 20 Potpourri

30 What is resource partitioning and what causes it?

30 Potpourri *It is a way in which different species can use the same resource, such as food, without occupying the same physical location at the same point in time. *Caused by interspecific competition.

30 Population Growth

40 Potpourri How is nitrogen returned to the atmosphere?

40 Potpourri Denitrifying bacteria- convert NO 3 - to N 2

50 Potpourri List and explain the types of bacteria needed to convert atmospheric nitrogen to usable nitrogen for plants

50 Potpourri *Nitrogen-fixing bacteria turn N 2 to NH 3 and nitrifying bacteria turn NH 3 into NO 3 -