Sir Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton lived in England during the 1600s. Like all scientists, he made observations about the world around him. Some of his observations were about motion. His observations have been supported by more data over time; and we now call these Newton’s Laws of Motion. His laws of motion explain rest, constant motion, accelerated motion, and describe how balanced and unbalanced forces act to cause these states of motion.

Law of Inertia LAW #1 An object at rest will remain at rest or an object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Also known as Law of inertia (an object’s resistance to change its motion)

EXAMPLES When rolling a marble across the floor, it will stop. Seat belts keep you from going through your windshield. Roller coaster will continue moving with enough energy A book will remain at rest, unless you push it.

NEWTON’S LAWS Law #1 Video

Newton’s 1 st Law Example: If the car were to abruptly stop and the seat belts were not being worn, then the passengers in motion would continue in motion.

Newton’s 1 st Law Example: If the motorcycle were to abruptly stop, then the rider in motion would continue in motion. The rider would likely be hurled from the motorcycle and be hurled into the air.

Newton’s 1 st Law Example: When the car suddenly begins to move, the inertia of the people in the car pushes them back against their seats. When the car moves, the people want to remain at rest.

Why is this animation an example of Newton’s 1 st Law?

If the truck were to abruptly stop and the straps were no longer functioning, then the ladder in motion would continue in motion.

Which object has more mass?

The elephant has more mass.

Which object has more inertia?

The elephant has more inertia because it has more mass, it will resist a change in motion more than the basketball.

Law of Force & Acceleration LAW #2 The net force of an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration. F = m x a

EXAMPLES Pushing a box of books is easier with two people than one. F = M x A Pushing a bowling ball and golf ball with the same force will cause the golf ball to move faster Golf ball: M x A = F

NEWTON’S LAWS Law #2 Video

More Examples A train trying to stop takes a lot more force than a car because… F = M x A An 18-wheeler will hit a car with a great force because… F = M x A

More Examples If I make a car that is 100 kg lighter than its previous model, what will be the effect on the force required to move the car? F = M x A

Practice Questions 1, 6, 9

Law of Action-Reaction LAW #3 For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

EXAMPLES What goes up, must come down. The bat hits the ball and the ball hits the bat. The rocket pushes exhaust gases down while the exhaust gases push the rocket up.

NEWTON’S LAWS Law #3 Video

Sit next to your rocket partner with your jackets! From front table (per partnership): Get ½ piece of construction paper. Get ½ sheet with circle pattern.

Rocket Materials per Partnership 1 piece of construction paper ½ sheet with circle pattern

Rocket Creation Steps 1 partner is cutting out circle pattern page 1 partner is forming body tube around film canister – use a little tape as possible!

Rocket Creation Steps Form cone for rocket top - attach from inside Attach fins – use as little tape as possible!

Rocket Launching Rules You MUST wear goggles the entire time we are outside or you will NOT launch your rocket. Bring beaker of water – ½ full Bring film canister

Once outside… We will line up our rocket in one line We will fill 1/3 of our film canister with water When instructed, 1 partner will put ½ a tablet of alka seltzer inside the film canister. Quickly, close the canister and move back to the watch zone (the grass) Time permitting…we will launch our rockets twice

Exit Ticket 1. How did you see Law 1 with your rocket launch? 2. How did you see Law 2 with your rocket launch? 3. How did you see Law 3 with your rocket launch?