3 Branches of Government Executive – enforces laws Legislative – makes laws Judicial – judges and interprets laws

English Government Structure 17 th and 18 th century King – Is the head of the executive branch. Has authority over the legislative branch (parliament cannot meet w/o his permission. Can make laws w/o parliament except about taxes. Appoints cabinet positions w/o approval. Appoints judges w/o approval. Must grant charters for colonies to exist. Parliament Two houses – house of Lords and house of commons. House of Lords is made up of nobles – has control of the parliament. Must give permission for the king to raise taxes. House of Commons – elected by the people but has little power. – As the power of the Middle class merchants rises in the economy so does the power of the House of commons.

English Rights as found in: The Magna Carta -1215no taxation w/o representation Trial by jury of peers. Rule of law. The Petition of Rights1626Trial by jury. Habeas corpus – no imprisonment w/o trial. No martial law during peace time. No quartering of troops No taxation w/o representation. English Bill of Rights1689no taxation w/o representation. No laws passed w/o representative approval. Fair and speedy trial. Forbade cruel and unusual punishment.

Charter colony – a group of people granted a charter by the king – (Jamestown, New England colonies) Governor elected by the land owning males over 21. Responsible for enforcing England’s and the legislatures laws Appoints judges with approval. Colonial legislatures Two houses or one house Both houses elected by land owning males over 21. Control the taxes in the colonies and set the salaries of governor and colonial officials. (power of the purse)

Proprietary Colony – a colony owned and operated by a proprietor (Pennsylvania, Carolinas, New Jersey, Maryland, Georgia) Governor appointed by the proprietor. Has power over when colonial legislatures can meet. Can veto laws w/o override. Responsible for enforcing proprietor’s rules and England’s laws Appoints judges. Colonial legislatures Two houses – Upper house appointed by the proprietor. Lower house (house of burgesses or assemblies) elected by land owning males over 21.

Royal Colony – a colony directly ruled by the king and parliament Governor appointed by the King. Has power over when colonial legislatures can meet. Can veto laws w/o override. Responsible for enforcing king’s laws and colonial laws. Appoints judges. Colonial legislatures Two houses – Upper house appointed by the king or the governor. Lower house (house of burgesses or assemblies) elected by land owning males over 21. Control the taxes in the colonies and set the salaries of governor and colonial officials. (power of the purse)