WOODSTOVE CHANGEOUT ON THE

Johna Boulafentis & Tui Moliga Nez Perce Tribe Environmental Restoration and Waste Management Air Quality Program

Hypothesis  Wood stove replacement will reduce indoor levels of PM and associated wood smoke chemical markers from domestic wood burning?

Project Partners  EPA  University of Montana  Northwest Indian College, Nez Perce Tribe Distance Learning Centers  Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals  Washington State University Extension Energy Program  Swinomish Tribe  Ni Mii Puu Health  Nez Perce Tribe Housing Authority  Nez Perce Tribe Forestry & Fire Division  Nez Perce Tribe Safety Program

Study Overview  Recruit 16 households  Outreach and Education  Measure before and after changeout –Ambient air –Indoor air –Health of asthmatic child  Conduct sampling during winter months  Wood stove changeout

Free EPA-Certified Woodstoves Available! Participate in ERWM’s Woodstove Study & Changeout Qualifying Residences: Use an old woodstove as the primary source of heat Are a nonsmoking, tribal member home in Lapwai or Kamiah Have a child between ages 6 and 17 with asthma or respiratory related illness Participants Receive: New, cleaner burning and more efficient woodstove Improved indoor air quality in home To participate or for more information, contact Johna Boulafentis at x23671

Outreach and Education  Office  Media –KLEW T.V. –Articles/Informational Notices –Letters & mass –Posters  Field –Presentations & Air Quality Booth

Ambient Monitoring  Utilize existing network in Kamiah and Lapwai –PM2.5 TEOM –Met Site: temperature, RH, precipitation, wind speed –Forecasts of inversion conditions –EPA PM2.5 standards 24/hr is 35 μg/m 3, annual is 15 μg/m 3

Pre-Sampling  Initial meeting with participant –Discuss study and equipment –Keeping records of daily activities  Collect home information –Age of home, square footage, number of rooms –Wood type, cords burned per year, how long the wood was seasoned, how they acquire their wood

Health Study  Participants monitor their asthmatic child’s breathing for up to 2 weeks –Use a PiKo-1 Electronic Peak Flow Meter  Measures how much air the child can take into the lungs and breathe out  Record measurements on data sheet –Survey about child’s physical activity and emotions related to their respiratory illness

Indoor Air Sampling  Sample for 24-hour period, 2 to 4 sample days  Leland Sampler / Personal Environmental Monitor (PEM) with a quartz filter: –Organic Carbon / Elemental Carbon (OC/EC) –Chemical markers (vanillin, acetovanillone, guaiacol, 4- ethylguaiacol, levoglucosan, abietic acid, dehydroabietic acid)  DustTrak (continuous PM2.5 mass) set to run for 48 hours

Sample Day: Intern  Equipment duties –Calibration and set-up –Cleaning  Record Keeping –Documenting equipment readings –Downloading & ing DustTrak data to Tony Ward, University of Montana

Indoor Sampling Equipment DustTrak PEM Leland (inside)

Sample Day: Participant  Record of home activities –2 pages: cooking, cleaning, candles, etc. –Nez Perce traditional burning (sweet grass, sage, patosway, or boiling of kouse kouse)  Record of wood burning activities – Loading and stoking –Size of logs and how many pieces used

Old Stoves & Equipment

Indoor PM2.5 Levels Prior to Changeout

PM2.5 Pre Changeout 4,000 ug/m3

Indoor and Outdoor PM2.5 Levels Prior to Changeout Lapwai indoor Kamiah indoor Outdoor

The Changeout!

New Stoves

Indoor PM2.5 Levels Pre and Post Changeout

PM2.5 Post Changeout 180 ug/m3

Installation Inspection & Homeowner Training

Happy Homeowners!

Challenges  Sampling equipment malfunctions  Homeowners –Paperwork, no shows –Selecting 4 new homes mid-study  Distance to Kamiah  Wood stove business & installer –Distance (~200 miles away) –2 nd round of installations delayed two months due to snow –Attitude/not vested in the community

Successes  Partnerships & intern participation  16 tribal homes with EPA certified stoves –New stoves “burned off” before change out –Reduced indoor PM2.5 levels –Old stoves recycled –Installation inspection & training  Reduced ambient PM2.5 in each community  Interest outside of study communities  Future funding with the University of MT

Sign on a participant’s front door

Lessons Learned & Looking Forward  Installer –Purchase stoves from a local business –In a written agreement or in the bid  New stoves “burned off” pre-change out  Old stoves hauled to a recycler –Work towards having a tribal member become a National Fireplace Institute Certified Wood Burning Specialist  Homeowner –Written agreement about removing old stove  Wood stove fair in Fall ’08