 New Colonies ◦ 1629  Massachusetts Bay Company  Great Migration ◦ 15,000 Puritans ◦ 1630s  Massachusetts ◦ John Winthrop ◦ Boston ◦ Royal Charter

 Connecticut ◦ Thomas Hooker  Hartford  Fundamental Orders of Connecticut ◦ First written constitution of America  Rhode Island ◦ Roger Williams ◦ Religious freedom  New Hampshire ◦ John Wheelwright

 Wampanoags ◦ Metacomet  King Philip’s War ◦ 14 months  Colonial Exapansion

 New Netherland  Dutch West India Company ◦ Patroon  Ruled like kings  New York ◦ England sent fleet ◦ Duke of York ◦ Proprietary colony  Diverse  First Jews to settle in North America

 Duke of York divided his colony ◦ Lord John Berkeley ◦ Sir George Carterct  To attract settlers, proprietors offered ◦ Large tracts of land ◦ Freedom of religion ◦ Trial by jury ◦ Representative assembly  Royal colony

 Quakers ◦ Everyone is equal ◦ Pacifists  William Penn ◦ King Charles owed Penn’s father  Delaware became independent from Pennsylvania

 Virginia ◦ Jamestown ◦ Indentured servants  Maryland ◦ Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore ◦ Mason-Dixon Line  1760s Maryland and Pennsylvania argued over boundary  Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon ◦ Act of Toleration  Ensured Protestants and Catholics the right to worship freely

 1663, King Charles II named south a propriety ◦ Latin for “Charles’ Land”  John Locke ◦ Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina  Two Carolinas 1729  Eliza Lucas ◦ Indigio

 1733  James Oglethorpe ◦ Received charter from George II  Debtors and the poor  Built forts to protect from Spanish invansion

 Bad soil ◦ Subsistence farming ◦ Depended on children ◦ Women made household items  Small businesses (industrial)  Colonial shipping trade  Fishing

 Fertile Soil ◦ Cash crops  Industries ◦ Small and large businesses  Diversity – Immigrants ◦ Scotch-Irish, German, Dutch, and Swedish

 Warm Climate  Cash Crops ◦ Tobacco and rice  Plantations ◦ Village  Little industry  Enslaved people  Plantation owners controlled economic and political life of that region

 Maryland and Virginia ◦ Tobacco  Indentured servants -> Slaves  South Carolina and Georgia ◦ Rice ◦ Fastest growing economies

 West Africa ◦ War/Rivalries  Need for workers  The Middle Passage ◦ 2 nd part of Triangular Trade  Trade between Europe, Africa, and New World  Treated poorly  Slave Market

 Mostly in the field  Slave codes ◦ Couldn’t leave plantation without consent ◦ Illegal to teach enslaved people to read or write ◦ Seldom allowed to move freely  Punishments ◦ Whipping, hanging, burning  Runaways  Families torn apart  Buy freedom

 English ideals, trial by jury  2 principles ◦ Protected rights ◦ Representative legislature  Protected rights ◦ People elected delegates to make laws and conduct government

 English Parliament ◦ Power to legislate (make laws) ◦ 2 chambers  House of Lords  House of Commons  Glorious Revolution ◦ Mid 1600s – Parliament and King James II struggle for power  1688 – Parliament removed King James II and crowned William and Mary ◦ No ruler would have more power than legislature

 1689  Clear limits on a ruler’s power  Stated that ◦ Ruler could not suspend Parliament’s laws ◦ Impose taxes ◦ Raise an army without Parliament’s consent  Members were freely elected  Right to fair trial  Banned cruel and unusual punishments

 13 Colonies began as either charter or proprietary colony ◦ Charter Colony  Based on a grant of rights by the English monarch  Ex. Massachusetts ◦ Proprietary Colony  Property of owner or group of owners  Ex. Pennsylvania  Ruled how they wished  Named own governs and many other officials ◦ Royal Colony  Under direct English control  Ex. Virginia

 Townspeople -> local government ◦ Male landowners  Strong belief in their right to govern themselves

 Mercantilism  Navigation Acts ◦ 1650s ◦ Laws forced on colonists to sell raw materials to England even over a better offer  Taxed by England  Colonial Resistance ◦ Accepted Navigation Acts ◦ Revolted and led to American Revolution