THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

LAYERS OF THE HEART PERICARDIUM MYOCARDIUM ENDOCARDIUM

RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART SUPERIOR VENA CAVA INFERIOR VENA CAVA RIGHT ATRIUM TRICUSPID VALVE RIGHT VENTRICLE PULMONARY SEMILUNAR VALVE RIGHT PULMONARY ARTERIES LEFT PULMONARY ARTERIES RIGHT AND LEFT LUNGS DEOXYGENATED BLOOD

LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART RIGHT PULMONARY VEINS LEFT PULMONARY VEINS LEFT ATRIUM BICUSPID (MITRAL) VALVE RIGHT VENTRICLE AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE AORTA OXYGENATED BLOOD

CORONARY ARTERIES SUPPLY THE MYOCARDIUM WITH OXYGENATED BLOOD BLOCKAGE OR INFARCT OF ONE OF THESE ARTERIES CAUSES A MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI)

THE CARDIAC CYCLE SYSTOLE – CARDIAC CONTRACTION THE BLOOD IS FORCED OUT OF THE HEART TO THE LUNGS FOR OXYGENATION AND TO THE BODY FOR CIRCULATION DIASTOLE – CARDIAC RELAXATION THE BLOOD IS RETURNED TO THE HEART FROM THE LUNGS AND THE BODY

THE CONDUCTION SYSTEM SINO-ATRIAL (SA) NODE ATRIAL IMPULSES ATRIO-VENTRICULAR (AV) NODE BUNDLE OF HIS BUNDLE BRANCHES PURKINJE FIBERS

EKG COMPONENTS P WAVE – INDICATES ATRIAL DEPOLARIZATION CAUSING ATRIAL CONTRACTION QRS COMPLEX – INDICATES VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION CAUSING VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION ST SEGMENT – INDICATES MYOCARDIAL DAMAGE T WAVE – INDICATES VENTRICULAR REPOLARIZATION CAUSING VENTRICULAR RELAXATION

EKG BASICS ELECTRODES – SENSORS PLACED ON THE PATIENT TO PICK UP ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY LCD DISPLAY – LIQUID CRYSTAL DIODE AREA FOR PATIENT DATA ENTRY ECG/EKG – RECORDING OF ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY ONTO GRID PAPER LEADS – WIRES ATTACHED TO ELECTRODES

CARDIAC DIAGNOSTICS BLOOD ENZYME TESTS WAVEFORM MEASUREMENTS IMAGING TECHNIQUES

WHAT THE EKG WILL SHOW HEART RATE RHYTHM SIGNS OF CARDIAC ENLARGEMENT HEART DISEASE MYOCARDITIS SIGNS OF HEART INJURY (MI) ELECTROLYTE ABNORMALITY PULMONARY EMBOLISM DRUG TOXICITY

USES OF AN EKG TO DIAGNOSE FOR MONITORING IN DEFIBRILLATORS

INDICATIONS FOR AN EKG FUNCTION OF HEART ELECTRICAL PROBLEMS CHANGES IN THE HEART ROUTINE PRE-OP PART OF A COMPLETE P.E. AFTER AGE 40 EVALUATION OF CARDIAC CONDITIONS STAT – USUALLY IN AN EMERGENCY

EKG PREPARATION PHYSICIAN’S ORDER CALIBRATION PATIENT’S DATA LOCATION, DATE, AND TIME PATIENT’S AGE, SEX AND CARDIAC MEDS PATIENT’S WEIGHT AND HEIGHT ANY SPECIAL CONDITION OR POSITION OF PATIENT DURING PROCEDURE

PATIENT PREPARATION REMOVE CLOTHING FROM THE WAIST UP REMOVE JEWELRY THAT MAY INTERFERE PROVIDE DRAPE FOR PRIVACY CLEAN SKIN WITH ALCOHOL APPLY LEADS TO NON-HAIRY AREA SHAVE AREA ONLY IF NECESSARY

APPLYING ELECTRODES COMPLETE EKG CONSISTS OF 12 LEADS LIMB LEADS ARE APPLIED TO ARMS AND LEGS CHEST LEADS ARE APPLIED TO THE CHEST

LIMB LEADS RA - FLESHY OUTER AREA OF UPPER RIGHT ARM LA – FLESHY OUTER AREA OF UPPER LEFT ARM RL – FLESHY PART OF LOWER RIGHT LEG LL – FLESHY PART OF LOWER LEFT LEG

CHEST LEADS V1 – 4 TH INTERCOSTAL SPACE RT OF STERNUM V2 – 4 TH INTERCOSTAL SPACE LT OF STERNUM V3 – MIDWAY BETWEEN V2 & V4 V4 – 5 TH INTERCOSTAL SPACE AT MID-CLAVICULAR LINE V5 – SAME LEVEL AS 4 AT LT ANT. AXILLARY LINE V6 – SAME LEVEL AS 4 AT LT MIDAXILLARY LINE

THREE LEAD TRACING RA- RIGHT OF STERNUM LA – LEFT OF STERNUM LL LEFT LOWER RIB AREA

HEART RHYTHMS NORMAL SINUS RHYTHM (NSR) SINUS TACHYCARDIA SINUS BRADYCARDIA ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA (A-TACH)

HEART RHYTHMS PREMATURE ATRIAL CONTRACTION (PAC) ATRIAL FLUTTER ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (A- FIB) PREMATURE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION (PVC) DANGEROUS PVCs VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA (V-TACH) VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION (V- FIB) ASYSTOLE

CARDIAC DISEASES CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD) ANGINA PECTORIS MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI)

VALVE DISORDERS RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE STENOSIS INSUFFICIENCY (PROLAPSE)

MUSCLE DISORDERS CARDIOMYOPATHY CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (CHF)

CARDIAC TREATMENTS MEDICATIONS ANGIOPLASTY CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT (CABG) HEART TRANSPLANT VALVE REPLACEMENT

CARDIAC HC WORKERS CARDIOLOGIST CARDIAC SURGEON CARDIAC INTENSIVE CARE NURSE CARDIAC CATHERTERIZATION NURSE EKG TECHNICIAN ECHO TECHNICIAN CARDIAC BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT TECHNICIAN