Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-1 Contraception and Abortion Chapter 11 This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-2 Historical Perspectives on Contraception History of Birth control in Canada Canadian Birth Control League 1969 contraception became legal Artificial contraception Method of contraception that applies a human-made device

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-3 Methods of Contraception Oral contraceptives (“the Pill”) Consists of sex hormones and taken by mouth Combination pill  Contains synthetic estrogen and progesteron (continued)

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-4 Methods of Contraception Oral contraceptives (continued) Minipill Contains synthetic estrogen How they work Effectiveness of birth-control pills (continued)

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-5 Methods of Contraception Oral contraceptives (continued) Reversibility Advantages and disadvantages Emergency contraception “morning-after” pills Plan B

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-6 Methods of Contraception Intrauterine devices (IUDs) Small object that is inserted into the uterus and left in place to prevent contraception How they work Effectiveness Reversibility ( continued )

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-7 Methods of Contraception Intrauterine devices (continued) Advantages and disadvantages Diaphragm shallow rubber cup or dome that is coated with spermicide and inserted prior to coitus How it works (continued)

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-8 Methods of Contraception Diaphragm (continued) How it is used Effectiveness Advantages and disadvantages

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-9 Methods of Contraception Spermicides How they are used How they work Effectiveness Advantages and disadvantages

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-10 Methods of Contraception Male Condom Prophylactic Agent that protects against disease How they work How they are used (continued)

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-11 Methods of Contraception Male Condom (continued) Using a condom effectively Attitudes toward suggesting a condom Effectiveness Advantages and disadvantages

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-12 Methods of Contraception Withdrawal (coitus interruptus) Man removes the penis from the vagina before ejaculating

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-13 Methods of Contraception Fertility awareness methods (rhythm methods) How they work Calendar method Prediction of ovulation by tracking menstrual cycles (continued)

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-14 Methods of Contraception Fertility awareness methods (continued) Basal body temperature (BBT) method Prediction of ovulation by tracking woman’s temperature Cervical mucus (ovulation) method Prediction of ovulation by tracking viscosity of the cervical mucus (continued)

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-15 Methods of Contraception Fertility awareness methods (continued) Ovulation-prediction kits Effectiveness Advantages and disadvantages

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-16 Sterilization Male sterilization Vasectomy Surgically cutting each vas deferens and tying it back or cauterizing it Vasovasotomy Reversing vasectomy

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-17 Sterilization Female sterilization Tubal sterilization (tubal ligation) Fallopian tubes are surgically blocked Minilaparotomy Small incision in the abdomen (continued)

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-18 Sterilization Female sterilization (continued) Laparoscopy Laparoscope is inserted below the navel “belly-button surgery” Culpotomy Incision in the back wall of the vagina (continued)

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-19 Sterilization Female sterilization (continued) Hysterectomy Surgical removal of the uterus Advantages and disadvantages of sterilization

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-20 Other Methods of Contraception Norplant Tubes implanted in the body Depo-provera Injection once every three months Cervical cap Dome-shaped rubber cup (continued)

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-21 Other Methods of Contraception (continued) Female condom Polyurethane sheath that lines the vagina Skin patch Worn three weeks each month Vaginal ring Worn in the vagina for three months (continued)

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-22 Other Methods of Contraception (continued) Contraceptive sponge Provides a barrier that holds a spermicide Douching To rinse or wash the vaginal canal

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-23 Selecting a Method of Contraception Convenience Moral acceptability Cost Sharing responsibility Safety (continued)

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-24 Selecting a Method of Contraception (continued) Reversibility Protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Effectiveness

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-25 The Search Goes On Male pill may be available within the next few years

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-26 Abortion Induced abortion Purposeful termination of a pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is capable of sustaining independent life

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-27 Abortion Historical and legal perspectives on abortion Attitudes toward legalized abortion

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-28 Methods of Abortion Vacuum aspiration Removal of the uterine contents via suction Used early in the pregnancy Dilation and curettage (D & C) Cervix is dilated Uterine contents gently scraped away (continued)

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-29 Methods of Abortion (continued ) Dilation and Evacuation (D & E) Cervix is dilated prior to vacuum aspiration Uterine contents are removed with forcepts Inducing labor by intra-amniotic infusion Substance is injected into amniotic sac (continued)

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-30 Methods of Abortion (continued) Hysterotomy Fetus is removed by cesarean section Abortion drugs RU-486 (Not yet approved for sale in Canada) Psychological consequences of abortion

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada11-31 End of Chapter 11