Do Now – Complete You have 5 minutes to complete the multiple choice test Simply circle the letter to indicate your choice A B C D E No consultation with your peers please!

Building Knowledge Tuesday 1 st September

Building student memory Key questions: 1.How does memory work? 2.How can we teach to build memory?

Jones sacrificed and knocked in a run

Mass exodus of Jews from Warsaw

‘Memory is the residue of thought.’

‘Learning is deeper and more durable when it’s effortful.’

Quizzing 1. Purposeful 2. Targeted 3. Instantly corrected

Practice 1. Knowledge maps: why and how? 2. Multiple Choice Questions: why and how?

A. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: Context 1665John Milton writes ‘Paradise Lost’ 1793The Enlightenment creates the French terror and guillotine 1797Coleridge writes The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 1797Mary Wollstonecraft dies after giving birth to her daughter Mary 1816Shelley’s wife Harriet commits suicide after Percy eloped with Mary 1816Byron writes his poem, ‘Prometheus’ 1815Three of Mary’s four children die in childbirth 1816Mary writes a diary entry about her dream on the death of her child 1816Byron, Percy and Mary Shelley tell ghost stories in Geneva 1818Mary Shelley publishes her novel Frankenstein B. Characters 1. Robert WaltonExplorer seeking the North Pole 2. Victor FrankensteinScientist who creates a living creature 3. The CreatureOstracised as monstrous, he murders Victor’s family 4. Elizabeth Lavenzamarries Frankenstein, is killed on her wedding night 5. Justine Moritzconvicted of murder of Victor’s brother 6. Henry ClervalFamily friend killed by the creature C. Themes 1. Hubris and Nemesisrecreating life has terrible consequences 2. Romantic and Gothicterror and imagination, natural and unnatural 3. Prejudice and Revengealienation and murder 4. Innocence and LossJustine, William, Henry, Elizabeth and Alfonse die 5. Science and Creationnurture and nature 6. Death and BirthVictor’s mother’s death leads to a creature’s birth 7. Society and IsolationEnlightenment reason and exclusion D. Plot 1. Letters 1-4 Captain Robert Walton sailing to the North Pole, writes letters to his sister telling of his dangerous mission and finding Frankenstein. 2. Chapters 1-3 The Frankensteins adopt Elizabeth; Henry Clerval is a family friend; Victor studies at Ingolstadt. 3. Chapters 4-6 Victor studies and animates matter; he brings a creature to life; Elizabeth entreats Victor to return. 4. Chapters 7-9 Victor’s father writes that Victor’s brother William has been murdered; Justine is hanged for murder; Victor goes to the Alps. 5. Chapters Victor meets the creature in the Alps; the creature tells his story, and how he came to learn language. 6. Chapters The creature tells of learning reading, history and literature; he meets the old man in the cottage, but the others beat him away. 7. Chapters The creature tells of murdering Victor’s brother, and framing Justine; he demands Victor create him a female; Victor concedes. 8. Chapters Victor in Scotland creates another creature; in terror he destroys it; the creature threatens his wedding night; he finds Clerval dead. 9. Chapters Victor marries Elizabeth; the creature finds and kills her; Victor pursues the creature to the North Pole. 10. Letters 5-9 Walton writes of Frankenstein’s death, his encounter with the creature, who tells of his immense suffering, then leaves to die. E. Literary Devices 1. Perspectiveshifting viewpoint 2. Allusionsreferences to other literature 3. Prolepsisforeboding, foreshadowing, prefiguring 4. Epithetscharacteristic words used for a character 5. Symbolismlight, fire, ice 6. Pathetic Fallacythe weather represents the characters’ mindsets 7. Gothicismhorror, terror, obsession and evil 8. Romanticismimagination, nature and the mind 9. Epistolary Novelletters posted between characters 10. Epiplexismultiple rhetorical questions

Why use knowledge maps? 1. Decisions 2. Clarity 3. Revision

A. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: Context 1665John Milton writes ‘Paradise Lost’ 1793The Enlightenment creates the French terror and guillotine 1797Coleridge writes The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 1797Mary Wollstonecraft dies after giving birth to her daughter Mary 1816Shelley’s wife Harriet commits suicide after Percy eloped with Mary 1816Byron writes his poem, ‘Prometheus’ 1815Three of Mary’s four children die in childbirth 1816Mary writes a diary entry about her dream on the death of her child 1816Byron, Percy and Mary Shelley tell ghost stories in Geneva 1818Mary Shelley publishes her novel Frankenstein B. Characters 1. Robert WaltonExplorer seeking the North Pole 2. Victor FrankensteinScientist who creates a living creature 3. The CreatureOstracised as monstrous, he murders Victor’s family 4. Elizabeth Lavenzamarries Frankenstein, is killed on her wedding night 5. Justine Moritzconvicted of murder of Victor’s brother 6. Henry ClervalFamily friend killed by the creature C. Themes 1. Hubris and Nemesisrecreating life has terrible consequences 2. Romantic and Gothicterror and imagination, natural and unnatural 3. Prejudice and Revengealienation and murder 4. Innocence and LossJustine, William, Henry, Elizabeth and Alfonse die 5. Science and Creationnurture and nature 6. Death and BirthVictor’s mother’s death leads to a creature’s birth 7. Society and IsolationEnlightenment reason and exclusion D. Plot 1. Letters 1-4 Captain Robert Walton sailing to the North Pole, writes letters to his sister telling of his dangerous mission and finding Frankenstein. 2. Chapters 1-3 The Frankensteins adopt Elizabeth; Henry Clerval is a family friend; Victor studies at Ingolstadt. 3. Chapters 4-6 Victor studies and animates matter; he brings a creature to life; Elizabeth entreats Victor to return. 4. Chapters 7-9 Victor’s father writes that Victor’s brother William has been murdered; Justine is hanged for murder; Victor goes to the Alps. 5. Chapters Victor meets the creature in the Alps; the creature tells his story, and how he came to learn language. 6. Chapters The creature tells of learning reading, history and literature; he meets the old man in the cottage, but the others beat him away. 7. Chapters The creature tells of murdering Victor’s brother, and framing Justine; he demands Victor create him a female; Victor concedes. 8. Chapters Victor in Scotland creates another creature; in terror he destroys it; the creature threatens his wedding night; he finds Clerval dead. 9. Chapters Victor marries Elizabeth; the creature finds and kills her; Victor pursues the creature to the North Pole. 10. Letters 5-9 Walton writes of Frankenstein’s death, his encounter with the creature, who tells of his immense suffering, then leaves to die. E. Literary Devices 1. Perspectiveshifting viewpoint 2. Allusionsreferences to other literature 3. Prolepsisforeboding, foreshadowing, prefiguring 4. Epithetscharacteristic words used for a character 5. Symbolismlight, fire, ice 6. Pathetic Fallacythe weather represents the characters’ mindsets 7. Gothicismhorror, terror, obsession and evil 8. Romanticismimagination, nature and the mind 9. Epistolary Novelletters posted between characters 10. Epiplexismultiple rhetorical questions

Knowledge maps 1. Selective 2. Defined 3. Organised

Knowledge and application When did Coleridge write ‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’? a) 1665 b) 1793 c) 1797 d) 1815 e) 1816

Knowledge and application ‘I wish you could see him; he is very tall for his age, with sweet laughing blue eyes.’ Who is being described here, and what theme does this quotation suggest? a) In this quotation, William is being described, suggesting the theme of innocence. b) In this quotation, Clerval is being described, suggesting the theme of friendship. c) In this quotation, William is being described, suggesting the theme of loss. d) In this quotation, Clerval is being described, suggesting the theme of isolation. e) In this quotation, William is being described, suggesting the theme of science.

Knowledge and application ‘I, the true murderer, felt the never-dying worm alive in my bosom, which allowed of no hope or consolation.’ Which language techniques are combined here, and what is its effect? a) In this quotation, onomatopoeia and religious imagery are used to emphasise how disgusting Frankenstein is. b) In this quotation, a simile and religious imagery are used to emphasise that the death of Justine will never be forgotten. c) In this quotation, pathetic fallacy and natural imagery are used to emphasise how destructive what has happened is. d) In this quotation, prolepsis and a metaphor are used to suggest that the creature will wreak his revenge. e) In this quotation, a metaphor and graveyard imagery are used to emphasise how destructive the guilt Frankenstein feels is.

Why use multiple choice questions? 1. Workload 2. Diagnosis 3. Breadth

How to design multiple choice questions 1. Five options 2. Plausible distractors 3. Unambiguously wrong distractors 4. Misconceptions as distractors 5. Multiple correct options

5 options 5 options: 20% chance of guessing 3 options: 33% chance of guessing 2 options: 50% chance of guessing

Implausible distractor How did Boudicca die? a) She was drowned in a tub of soup.

Ambiguous distractors What happens in the plot of Oliver Twist? A)A young boy runs away to London B) An orphan falls in with a street gang of street urchins C) A poor orphan is adopted by a wealthy gentleman D) A criminal murders a young woman and is pursued by a mob E) A gang of pickpockets abduct a young boy

Misconceptions as distractors 4. How many items can we hold in our working memory? a) We can hold 1-2 items in our working memory. b) We can hold 3-4 items in our working memory. c) We can hold 5-6 items in our working memory. d) We can hold 7-8 items in our working memory. e) We can hold limitless items in our working memory.

Multiple correct options 10. Ideally, which guidance should you use to make your distractors? (Choose all that apply.) a) Distractors should be unambiguously right. b) Distractors should be plausible. c) Distractors should be unambiguously wrong. d) Distractors should be implausible. e) Distractors should be interesting.

Multiple choice questions 1. Five options 2. Plausible distractors 3. Unambiguously wrong distractors 4. Misconceptions as distractors 5. Multiple correct options

Task 2 – Creating effective multiple choice questions In your subject areas you will have 15 minutes to construct 5 multiple choice questions. Base these 5 questions on 1 lesson only. Consider the information you have received today and think carefully about the key knowledge you would want your students taking away from the lesson. You will then send them via to get some feedback on the questions you have constructed in this session. 1. Five options 2. Plausible distractors 3. Unambiguously wrong distractors 4. Misconceptions as distractors 5. Multiple correct options

Plenary Alone, try the multiple choice quiz again. This will help us to work out which concepts to revisit in future CPD sessions. Write any questions you have about knowledge, memory, knowledge maps or multiple choice questions at the bottom of your quiz.