Philip of Macedon and Alexander the Great So just how great was Alexander the Great?

Reminder Final Exam is Dec. 10th during our regular class time.Final Exam is Dec. 10th during our regular class time. Please bring photo ID to exam.Please bring photo ID to exam.

Lecture Outline I. Philip The GreatI. Philip The Great II. Greek Opposition to PhilipII. Greek Opposition to Philip III. Philip’s ConquestIII. Philip’s Conquest IV. Alexander the GreatIV. Alexander the Great V. Alexander’s DeathV. Alexander’s Death

Greece & Philip of Macedon Why was Philip able to take over almost all of Greece by 336 BCE?Why was Philip able to take over almost all of Greece by 336 BCE? The death of the polisThe death of the polis –specialization –less unity –lack of leadership

Did anyone predict this? Yes, Demosthenes did The Greek orator who saw this coming... In his speeches, called Philipics, he asked the Athenians to organize against Philip

Why was Philip such a formidable opponent? Tough and well-disciplined soldiers (fought with sarissa)Tough and well-disciplined soldiers (fought with sarissa) Hostage at Thebes in his youthHostage at Thebes in his youth Soldier, diplomat, statesmanSoldier, diplomat, statesman

What did Athens do? Athenian-Theban allianceAthenian-Theban alliance Defeated at Chaironea by PhilipDefeated at Chaironea by Philip 337 BCE Philip is elected leader of the League of Corinth337 BCE Philip is elected leader of the League of Corinth

What did Philip want from the Greeks? He admired Athens and expressed a wish to be their allyHe admired Athens and expressed a wish to be their ally Right to consult Delphic oracleRight to consult Delphic oracle Allowed to preside over Pythian gamesAllowed to preside over Pythian games

Did the Athenians like Macedonia and Philip? Monarchy is corrupt and barely disguised form of dictatorshipMonarchy is corrupt and barely disguised form of dictatorship Treats Greeks like second- class citizensTreats Greeks like second- class citizens

What are the signs of conflict? Greeks divide into two factions:Greeks divide into two factions: Pro- Demosthenes faction believes Macedonia will harm their democracyPro- Demosthenes faction believes Macedonia will harm their democracy Pro-Philip faction believes Macedonia and Greece can be allies and united together

How does Athens declare war in 340 BCE? Demosthenes is given a gold crown during a theater festival in Athens for his services to the peopleDemosthenes is given a gold crown during a theater festival in Athens for his services to the people Athens deliberately attacks Philip’s allies and goes to Persia to seek support

How does Philip win the war? Attacks Perinthus (Greek city near Byzantium)Attacks Perinthus (Greek city near Byzantium) Attacks ByzantiumAttacks Byzantium Realizes he is trappedRealizes he is trapped Tricks the Athenians with a letter Sneaks out and sends for his son Goes on offensive and wins war

What will you do now, Laconians? (336 BCE) Sparta will not surrenderSparta will not surrender “What else but die like men?”“What else but die like men?” Philip gives Messenia and Argos their land backPhilip gives Messenia and Argos their land back Philip’s death in 336 BCE means that Alexander will now rule

Who was Alexander? King at 20, dead at 32King at 20, dead at 32 Finest general of the ancient worldFinest general of the ancient world Student of AristotleStudent of Aristotle Storms through Greece in two months and assures his rule. Abolishes taxes in Macedonia.Storms through Greece in two months and assures his rule. Abolishes taxes in Macedonia.

Alexander in Thrace Alexander decides his next conquest will be Thrace and then goes on to Illyria to put down a rebellion

Thrace and Illyria

Trouble in Thebes Alexander’s decision there would seal his fate with the GreeksAlexander’s decision there would seal his fate with the Greeks Greeks have caused him maximum damage with minimum harm to themselvesGreeks have caused him maximum damage with minimum harm to themselves

Alexander in Persia and India Homeric battle with PersiansHomeric battle with Persians Macedonians encounter elephantsMacedonians encounter elephants The long retreat homeThe long retreat home

“I leave my kingdom to the strongest.” Alexander died in 323 BCE after drinking a cup of unmixed wine.Alexander died in 323 BCE after drinking a cup of unmixed wine. With him died the dream of uniting east and west.With him died the dream of uniting east and west. Spreads Greek culture over a very wide area, thus creating Hellenistic civilizationSpreads Greek culture over a very wide area, thus creating Hellenistic civilization

What does this mean?