Parts of Speech Regular English Grammar Review

Nouns A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. Ex: brother, porch, television, truth A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. Ex: brother, porch, television, truth A common noun is a general name for a person, place, thing, or idea. Ex: man, holiday, language, city A common noun is a general name for a person, place, thing, or idea. Ex: man, holiday, language, city A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place, thing, or idea. Capitalize proper nouns. Ex: Einstein, Labor Day, Spanish, Miami A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place, thing, or idea. Capitalize proper nouns. Ex: Einstein, Labor Day, Spanish, Miami

Nouns Singular nouns name one person, place, thing, or idea. Ex: award, horse, knife, woman Singular nouns name one person, place, thing, or idea. Ex: award, horse, knife, woman Plural nouns name more than one. Ex: awards, horses, knives, women Plural nouns name more than one. Ex: awards, horses, knives, women A collective noun names a group – people or things that are regarded as one unit. Ex: tribe, litter, flock, committee, batch A collective noun names a group – people or things that are regarded as one unit. Ex: tribe, litter, flock, committee, batch

Nouns A concrete noun names something perceptible to the senses – something that can be seen, heard, smelled, touched, or tasted. Ex: coin, hand, fire, computer A concrete noun names something perceptible to the senses – something that can be seen, heard, smelled, touched, or tasted. Ex: coin, hand, fire, computer An abstract noun names something that cannot be perceived through the senses, such as an idea, quality, emotion, or state. An abstract noun names something you can think about but cannot see or touch. Ex: jealousy, freedom, laziness An abstract noun names something that cannot be perceived through the senses, such as an idea, quality, emotion, or state. An abstract noun names something you can think about but cannot see or touch. Ex: jealousy, freedom, laziness

Nouns A compound noun consists of two or more words used together as a single noun. A compound noun may be written as one word, as two words, or as a hyphenated word. Ex: bookcase, ice cream, great-grandmother, sunshine, New York A compound noun consists of two or more words used together as a single noun. A compound noun may be written as one word, as two words, or as a hyphenated word. Ex: bookcase, ice cream, great-grandmother, sunshine, New York A possessive noun shows ownership or belonging. Add an apostrophe and s to a singular noun; add only an apostrophe to a plural noun ending in s. Ex: dog’s, horses’, women’s A possessive noun shows ownership or belonging. Add an apostrophe and s to a singular noun; add only an apostrophe to a plural noun ending in s. Ex: dog’s, horses’, women’s

Pronouns A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or another pronoun. The word that a pronoun stands for is called its antecedent. Ex: Jasmine is celebrating her birthday. A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or another pronoun. The word that a pronoun stands for is called its antecedent. Ex: Jasmine is celebrating her birthday. Personal pronouns refer to the first person (I), second person (you), and third person (he, she, it). Ex: I think you should be nice to him. Personal pronouns refer to the first person (I), second person (you), and third person (he, she, it). Ex: I think you should be nice to him.

Pronouns A possessive pronoun shows ownership or belonging. Possessive pronouns used to replace nouns: mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs. Possessive pronouns used as adjectives to modify nouns: my, your, his, her, its, our, their. A possessive pronoun shows ownership or belonging. Possessive pronouns used to replace nouns: mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs. Possessive pronouns used as adjectives to modify nouns: my, your, his, her, its, our, their.

Pronouns Reflexive and Intensive: Both reflexive and intensive pronouns are formed by adding - self or – selves to a personal pronoun. A reflexive pronoun reflects back on a preceding noun or pronoun. Ex: Kim helped herself to seconds on the buffet. An intensive pronoun add emphasis to a noun or pronoun in the same sentence. Ex: No one asked the doctor herself if she needed help. Reflexive and Intensive: Both reflexive and intensive pronouns are formed by adding - self or – selves to a personal pronoun. A reflexive pronoun reflects back on a preceding noun or pronoun. Ex: Kim helped herself to seconds on the buffet. An intensive pronoun add emphasis to a noun or pronoun in the same sentence. Ex: No one asked the doctor herself if she needed help.

Pronouns An interrogative pronoun is used to ask a question. Ex: who, whom, which, what, whose An interrogative pronoun is used to ask a question. Ex: who, whom, which, what, whose A demonstrative pronoun points out specific persons, places, things, or ideas. Ex: this, these, (near in space or time) that, those (distant in space or time) A demonstrative pronoun points out specific persons, places, things, or ideas. Ex: this, these, (near in space or time) that, those (distant in space or time) A relative pronoun introduces a subordinate clause. Ex: who, whom, which, what, that A relative pronoun introduces a subordinate clause. Ex: who, whom, which, what, that

Pronouns An indefinite pronoun does not refer to a specific person or thing. Ex: Someone, another, anybody, anyone, everybody, both, few, many, all, any, more, most, none, some, etc. An indefinite pronoun does not refer to a specific person or thing. Ex: Someone, another, anybody, anyone, everybody, both, few, many, all, any, more, most, none, some, etc.

Verbs A verb is a word used to express action, condition, or state of being. A verb is a word used to express action, condition, or state of being. An action verb expresses an action (physical or mental). Ex: create, steal, visualize, believe, know. Action verbs may be transitive or intransitive. A transitive verb transfers the action from the subject toward a direct object. Ex: A group of volunteers painted a mural on the wall. An action verb expresses an action (physical or mental). Ex: create, steal, visualize, believe, know. Action verbs may be transitive or intransitive. A transitive verb transfers the action from the subject toward a direct object. Ex: A group of volunteers painted a mural on the wall.

Verbs An intransitive verb does not transfer action so it does not have an object. Ex: I waited patiently. An intransitive verb does not transfer action so it does not have an object. Ex: I waited patiently. A linking verb connects the subject with a word or words that identify or describe the subject. Ex: Judge Bianca is also a professor of law. The decision remains his. A linking verb connects the subject with a word or words that identify or describe the subject. Ex: Judge Bianca is also a professor of law. The decision remains his. Auxiliary verbs, also called helping verbs, help indicate voice, mood, or tense. Ex: The officers had been planning a surprise retirement party. Auxiliary verbs, also called helping verbs, help indicate voice, mood, or tense. Ex: The officers had been planning a surprise retirement party.

Adjectives and Adverbs Adjectives and adverbs are modifiers – they describe other words in a sentence. Adjectives and adverbs are modifiers – they describe other words in a sentence. An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun. Ex: Hawaii has titanic waves. An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun. Ex: Hawaii has titanic waves. An adjective qualifies or specifies the meaning of the noun it modifies. It answers one of these questions: What kind? Which one? How many? How much? An adjective qualifies or specifies the meaning of the noun it modifies. It answers one of these questions: What kind? Which one? How many? How much? Articles also serve has adjectives: THE, A, AN Articles also serve has adjectives: THE, A, AN

ARTICLES A is used before consonant sounds. A is used before consonant sounds. An is used before vowel sounds. An is used before vowel sounds. The is called a definite article. It refers to a specific person, place, or thing. The is called a definite article. It refers to a specific person, place, or thing.

Adverbs An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Ex: The waves crash very dangerously. An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Ex: The waves crash very dangerously. Most adverbs end in –ly. They answer these questions about the words they modify: Most adverbs end in –ly. They answer these questions about the words they modify:How?Where?When? To what degree?

Adverbs The word NOT and the contraction n’t are considered ADVERBS. The word NOT and the contraction n’t are considered ADVERBS.Examples 1. I will call tomorrow. 2. His phone rings often. 3. We are truly sorry. 4. The speaker will stand here.

Prepositions A preposition is a word used to show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and some other word in the sentence. A preposition is a word used to show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and some other word in the sentence. Ex: He yelled to the child. He yelled at the child. He yelled about the child. He yelled near the child. Ex: He yelled to the child. He yelled at the child. He yelled about the child. He yelled near the child.

Prepositions A preposition always introduces a phrase called a prepositional phrase, which ends in a noun or pronoun called the object of the preposition. If the object has modifiers, they are also part of the prepositional phrase. Ex: Drag the cursor to the very last item. A preposition always introduces a phrase called a prepositional phrase, which ends in a noun or pronoun called the object of the preposition. If the object has modifiers, they are also part of the prepositional phrase. Ex: Drag the cursor to the very last item.

Prepositions A compound preposition is a preposition that consists of more than one word. Ex: according to, in addition to, prior to, by means of, on account of, in place of, in spite of, aside from. A compound preposition is a preposition that consists of more than one word. Ex: according to, in addition to, prior to, by means of, on account of, in place of, in spite of, aside from.

Conjunctions and Interjections A conjunction is a word used to join words or groups of words. A conjunction is a word used to join words or groups of words. A coordinating conjunction connects words or groups of words that have equal importance in a sentence. Ex: and, but, or, for, so yet, nor A coordinating conjunction connects words or groups of words that have equal importance in a sentence. Ex: and, but, or, for, so yet, nor

Conjunctions and Interjections Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that connect words or groups of words. Always used in pairs, they correlate with one another. Ex: Neither... nor, either... or, not only... but also Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that connect words or groups of words. Always used in pairs, they correlate with one another. Ex: Neither... nor, either... or, not only... but also Subordinating conjunctions introduce subordinate clauses – clauses that cannot stand alone. Ex: After Paco tried snowboarding, he was hooked. Subordinating conjunctions introduce subordinate clauses – clauses that cannot stand alone. Ex: After Paco tried snowboarding, he was hooked.

Conjunctions and Interjections An interjection is a word or short phrase used to express emotion. It has no grammatical connection to other words in a sentence. Interjections are usually set off from the rest of a sentence by a comma or exclamation mark. Ex: Wow! We won! My, I have heard everything now. An interjection is a word or short phrase used to express emotion. It has no grammatical connection to other words in a sentence. Interjections are usually set off from the rest of a sentence by a comma or exclamation mark. Ex: Wow! We won! My, I have heard everything now.