Fungi Kingdom

Mycology -the study of fungi fungi - plural fungus – singular 1) eukaryotic Cells have a nucleus 2) heterotrophic they do not make their own food 3) multi-cellular 4) Have cell wall made of chitin not cellulose Characteristics of Fungi Fungi Kingdom Characteristics fungal – adjective Except yeasts 5) Do not move

1) Fungi are not photosynthetic. They lack chlorophyll. 2) Fungi never reproduce by seeds 3) Fungi have cell walls made of chitin not cellulose! 3 Reasons Fungi Are Different From Plants most are saprophytes /some parasites Saprophyte-feeds on dead/decaying organisms Fungi are not plants!!

Hyphae - thread-like structures that form the “body” of a fungus hyphae grow and branch until they cover and digest the food source hypha - singular hyphae - plural Parts of Fungi

single hypha Mass of hyphae (mycelium) Starts as a spore Most reproduce using spores fungi spores are microscopic Spore Dispersal: Spores are spread by wind, water or animals

Zygote fungi reproduces by spores made in sporangia Sporangia- structures found on the tips of hyphae that make spores 1. Zygote Fungi- mainly molds Sporangia Types of Fungi

2. Club fungi - have a club-shaped part which produces the spores Example: Mushrooms Club Fungi

3. Sac Fungi - produce spores in sac-like structures called asci (ascus) Sac Fungi Includes some molds, yeasts, morels and truffles

4) Imperfect fungi – zygote, sac, and club fungi that reproduce asexually. The sexual stage is not known. ringworm athletes foot thrush Imperfect fungi Cause of most fungal infections in humans

Lichen A type of fungi that is unusual in its design. It is a symbiotic relationship (mutualism) between a fungus and an algae or a fungus and cyanobacteria. The organisms help each other.

Examples of Fungus Tree Fungus (bracket fungi type of club fungi) Moldy Fruit Truffles

Harmful Fungi Cause food spoilage Cause plant disease such as rusts, Dutch Elm Disease, and mildew Cause Human diseases such as Ring Worm, Athlete’s Foot, Thrush, lung Infections, and Yeast Infections Destroy leather, fabrics, plastics, wood etc.

Helpful Fungi Food – mushrooms Used to make cheese – Bleu Cheese Used to make alcohol (Yeast) Used to make bread rise Used to make soy sauce from soy beans Used to break down materials and recycle wastes and dead organisms Used to make certain antibiotics (ex. Penicillin)