Enzymes

SC.912.L O Explain the role of enzymes as catalysts that lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions.

SC.912.L O Explain the role of enzymes as catalysts that lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions.

Biochemical O Bio- life O Chemical- A substance with a distinct molecular composition that is produced by or used in a chemical process.

Example of Enzymes in Humans O Amylase – found in saliva…, breaks down carbohydrates, pH O Pepsin- found in the stomach, breaks bonds between amino acids in proteins, pH O Lactase- found in the lining of the small intestine, pH 6 O Lipase – found in the intestine, pH 7-8 O Polymerase- found in the nucleus, pH 7-8

Ribozymes O A NON-Protein Enzyme. O Until about 20 years ago, all known enzymes were proteins. But then it was discovered that some RNA molecules can act as enzymes. O Catalytic RNA molecules (nucleic acid) are called ribozymes.

Macromolecule O Carbohydrate O Lipid O Protein O Nucleic acid

Protein O Enzyme- A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.

Lower Activation Energy

Firefly

Bacteria

Question 1 What will most likely happen if an appropriate enzyme is added to a chemical reaction? O A. The reaction rate will increase. O B. The equilibrium of the reaction will be maintained. O C. The reaction rate will decrease. O D. The reaction will stop.

Question 2 The human body maintains a temperature of around 98.6 degrees at all times. Enzymes are involved in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Which of the following describes the connection between these two statements? O A. Enzymes function best at a specific temperature. O B. The body needs to be warm to prevent hypothermia. O C. The body is kept relatively warm to prevent too much enzyme action. O D. There is no connection between the two statements.

Use the graph to determine the optimal temperature range in °Celsius for the human enzyme. a a a d Question 3

Question 4 The enzyme lactase will break down the sugar lactose into which of the following components? O A. monosaccharidesB. nucleic acids O C. amino acidsD. phospholipids

Two Monosaccharides