ACIDS, BASES & SALTS. Topic 10: ACIDS, BASES & SALTS2 T E R M S ACIDS are substances that form hydrogen ions (H + (aq) ) when dissolved in water eg 

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ACIDS, BASES & SALTS

Topic 10: ACIDS, BASES & SALTS2 T E R M S ACIDS are substances that form hydrogen ions (H + (aq) ) when dissolved in water eg  BASES are hydroxides that react and neutralize. In acid solutions there are more H + ions than OH - ions. In alkaline solution there are more OH - ions than H + ions. پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437

Topic 10: ACIDS, BASES & SALTS3 Strong or Weak - Acids or Bases that dissociate completely are Strong Acids/Bases.Strong Acids Acids or Bases that dissociate only partially are Weak Acids/BasesWeak Acids پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437

Topic 10: ACIDS, BASES & SALTS4 Physical Properties of Acids & Bases AAAACIDS AAAAcids taste sour (e.g. vinegar, lemon juice). AAAAcids are harmful to living cells. AAAAqueous solutions of all acids contain hydrogen ions. AAAAcid turns blue litmus red. SSSStrong acids are corrosive. BBBBASES AAAAlkalis are taste bitter SSSStrong alkalis are corrosive. AAAAqueous solutions of all alkalis contain hydroxide ion. AAAAlkalis turns red litmus blue. SSSSoapy touch. پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437

Neutralization  H +1 + OH -1  HOH  Acid + Base  Water + Salt (double replacement)  Example:  HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq)  HOH (l) + NaCl (aq)  H 2 SO 4 (aq) + KOH (aq)  2 HOH (l) + K 2 SO 4 (aq) پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437 Topic 10: ACIDS, BASES & SALTS5

6 SALTS  When H + ion of an acid is replaced by a metal ion, a salt is produced e.g.  H 2 SO 4 + 2NaOH  ======  Na 2 SO + 2H 2 O  Here sodium sulphate (Na 2 SO 4 ) is the salt formed. Salts are ionic compounds. پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437

Topic 10: ACIDS, BASES & SALTS7 Methods of making Soluble Salts Methods of making Soluble Salts 1) ACID + METAL  SALT + HYDROGEN 2)ACID + BASE  SALT + WATER 3)ACID + CARBONATE  SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437

Topic 10: ACIDS, BASES & SALTS8 Types of Salts  Normal Salts:  Normal salts are formed when all the replaceable hydrogen ions in the acid have been completely replaced by metallic ions.  HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq)  NaCl (aq) + H 2 O (l)  H 2 SO 4(aq) + ZnO (aq)  ZnSO 4(aq) + H 2 O (l) پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437

Types of Salts  Acid salts:  Acid salts are formed when replaceable hydrogen ions in acids are only partially replaced by a metal.  H2SO4 + KOH  KHSO4 + H2O  H3PO4 + NaOH  NaH2PO4 + H2O پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437 Topic 10: ACIDS, BASES & SALTS9

Types of Salts  Basic Salts:  Basic salts contain the hydroxide ion, OH-. They are formed when there is insufficient supply of acid for the complete neutralization of the base. Zn(OH)2 + HCl  Zn(OH)Cl + H2O Mg(OH)2 + HNO3  Mg(OH)NO3 + H2O پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437 Topic 10: ACIDS, BASES & SALTS10

Topic 10: ACIDS, BASES & SALTS11 USES OF SALTS S.No. SALTUSE 1Ammonium ChlorideIn torch batteries 2Ammonium NitrateIn fertilizers 3Calcium ChlorideAs drying agent 4Iron SulphateIn Iron tablets 5Magnesium SulphateIn medicine 6Potassium NitrateIn gunpowder etc. 7Silver BromideIn photography 8Sodium ChlorideMaking NaOH 9Sodium StearateIn making soap. پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437

Topic 10: ACIDS, BASES & SALTS12  THE END پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437پیر، 18 صفر، 1437