Chapter 5 Compounds are classified in different ways

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Chapter 5 Compounds are classified in different ways 5.2 Salts p.234-243 Words to Know: Metal oxide neutralization (acid-base) Non-metal oxide oxide salts

5.2 Salts Salts are ionic compounds formed when acids and bases react. Salts are also produced when oxides or carbonates react with acids, or when metals react with acids. Table salt, NaCl, is found in seawater, salt lakes or rock deposits. Salt was once very valuable as a commodity. Iodine is now added to salt to minimize goiter (a disease of the thyroid) See pages 234 - 235

Salt crystals in Death Valley NaCl is only one kind of salt A salt is made up of a positive ion from a base and negative ion from an acid. Salts are found in many things In batteries, explosives and fertilizers In multivitamins In many living cells Salt crystals in Death Valley See pages 234 - 235

Acid-Base Neutralization, and Metal Oxides Neutralization reactions occur when an acid and a base react to produce a salt and water. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaCl(s) + H2O( ) acid base salt water Metal oxides react with water to form bases. Na2O(s) + H2O( )  2NaOH(aq) See pages 236 - 237

Non-Metal Oxides Non-metal oxides react with water to form acids SO2(g) + H2O( )  H2SO3(aq) Non-metal oxides are formed from the burning of fossil fuels Add water in the atmosphere = acid precipitation The effects of acid rain on a forest See pages 236 - 237

Acids and Metals Acids and Metals The most reactive metals, at the bottom of groups 1 and 2, react vigorously with water and acids. All other metals are less reactive than those in groups 1 and 2. When metals do react with acids, H2 gas is usually released 2HCl(aq) + Mg(s)  MgCl2(s) + H2(g) See pages 238 - 239

Acids and Carbonates Acids and Carbonates Carbonates (-CO3) neutralize acids, protecting lalocations with natural carbonate supplies from acid precipitation. H2SO4(aq) + CaCO3(s)  CaSO4(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) sulphuric calcium calcium water carbon acid carbonate sulphate dioxide See pages 238 - 239 Take the Section 5.2 Quiz