Chapter Outline Chapter 12: The Islamic Gunpowder Empires, ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present I. New Polities in Eurasia II. The Ottoman Empire III. The Safavid Empire in Persia IV. The Mughul Empire in South Asia V. Networks of Trade and Communication

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 12: The Islamic Gunpowder Empires, ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. New Polities in Eurasia 1453 — Ottomans take Constantinople A. Background: The Steppe Frontier c — Collapse of Mongol Empire Timurid Empire Timur from 1370s B. Descendants

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 12: The Islamic Gunpowder Empires, ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. II. The Ottoman Empire A. Foundations Osman myth: links to Muhammad Mehmed II (1451–1481) Constantinople, 1453 Selim I (1512–20) Bayezid II Egypt, Arabia > “Protector of the Holy Cities” Suleimann (1520–1566) Europe 1521, Belgrade 1526, Hungary Iraq Rule “Circle of justice” kadi (judges)

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 12: The Islamic Gunpowder Empires, ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. II. The Ottoman Empire B. The Empire under Suleiman Administration Sipahis, fief-holders timars, fiefs Pashas, Beys, provincial governors Vizir, chief minister Divan, council Kul (Slavery) System Devshirme Janissaries Society Women harem Valide sultan Religion Sultan Mufti Kadis Dhimmi, non-Muslims jizya Social Divisions Askeri Reaya C. Artistic Production Mehmed II Fatih Mosque Topkapi Palace 3 Courts public dividing inner Suleiman Suleimanye Calligraphy D. Challenges to Ottoman Supremacy Russia, Hapsburgs Murad IV (1623–1640)

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 12: The Islamic Gunpowder Empires, ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. III. The Safavid Empire in Persia A. Origins Safi al-Din (c.1252–1334) Ismail (1501–24) descendant head of Shi’ite sect called Shaykh 1514, defeated by Ottomans Tahmasp (1524–1576) B. The Reign of Abbas the Great Shah Abbas (1566–1629) Isfahan Government monopolies silk Shahs as patrons Firdawsi Epic of Kings (Shahnamah)

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 12: The Islamic Gunpowder Empires, ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. IV. The Mughul Empire in South Asia A. Origins c. 1500, fragmentation Delhi Sultanate > division > Lodi Afghan Rajput Confederacy Vijayangar Empire Babur (1483–1530) Ruler of Kabul 1525, conquests Afghan Sultanate Rajput Confederacy Humayan son of Babur

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 12: The Islamic Gunpowder Empires, ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. IV. The Mughul Empire in South Asia B. Reign of Akbar ( ) Treatment of Muslims abolishes jizya “House of Worship” Muslims, Christians, Jews, Jains, Hindus, Zoroastrians 1582 — Din-i Ilahi C. The Mughul State and Culture Organization Mansabdars, like Kul system Hindu-Muslim synthesis Art Hamzanamah New editions of Mahabharata, Ramayana Architecture Fatehpur Sikri, Akbar’s palace Taj Mahal, Shah Jahan Mumtaz Mahal

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 12: The Islamic Gunpowder Empires, ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. IV. The Mughul Empire in South Asia D. Akbar’s Successors Darah Shikoh v. Aurangzeb > Sunni victory jizya reimposed E. The Mughul Social Order

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 12: The Islamic Gunpowder Empires, ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. V. Networks of Trade and Communication