A Picture Tells a Thousand Stories: Mapping inequality in education in KZN Volker Wedekind UKZN People’s Summit for Equal Education, 2011

Background KZN Treasury funded research on improving quality in education Two year research process drawing on: System data International and national data Linkages to other research projects Classroom based studies (Grade 6 mathematics) Questionnaires (teachers and principals) Interviews (officials) Consultation

Products Literature Review Map State of the Province Report Policy Recommendations Newspaper articles Public presentations

The economic context Labour absorption rate in June 2010 for KZN is 36.7% Broad unemployment rate is currently at 35.9% Gap between rich and poor increases –Per capita monthly income for poorest 10% is R1 041, richest 10% R –GINI 0.66 (KZN worst in SA with 0.77) KZN and EC have the largest number of people in LSM 1 (the lowest Living Standards Measure)

Education by Numbers 9 Districts Learners (23% of national) Teachers (22% of national) Schools (24% of national) Learner: Educator ratio 32:1

Learners 2009 Pass rate 61.1%, 2010 improved to 70.7% Illiteracy 23.5% (national) Learner years of effort to Grade 12 = 19 Learner years of effort to graduation = 32

Teachers HIV prevalence amongst teachers = 21.8% ( %)(national 12%) 71% female - Males dominate management 61% qualified REQV14 – unqualified, Rural urban divide Minimum number of new teachers required per annum in KZN = Total national production of teachers =

Enrolment

Age Appropriateness GradeAgeBelow appropriate age for grade Appropriate age for grade Above appropriate age for grade Grade 165%53%42% Grade 275%40%55% Grade 385%36%59% Grade 496%33%62% Grade 5106%30%64% Grade 6116%28%67% Grade 7125%26%69% Grade 8135%24%71% Grade 9144%21%76% Grade 10154%18%78% Grade 11165%21%74% Grade 12177%25%68% Average 6%32%62%

Seeing the picture A map of the province provides a graphic and immediate overview District level analysis, data on schools, teachers, learners, international comparisons and the budget allocations provide a useful resource base

Comparing districts: Umlazi

Comparing districts: Umzinyathi

Comparing districts: Vryheid

Budget Budget has declined as a percentage of provincial budget but remains generous by developing country standards The bulk of expenditure (78%)is on personnel Infrastructure backlog R30 billion + –Classrooms R15 billion

Key Information Gordon Road Girls Siphiwesamangwe Primary DistrictUmlaziOthukela School typePrimary Enrolment Annual Survey Quintile51 Fee StatusFee payingNo Fee Funding Norms per learner 2009/10R160R795 Total recurrent allocation per funding norms R R School fees (estimate)R R 0 Fees collected in 2009 (estimate)R R 0 State paid educator posts15 Governing body remunerated posts240 Learner:educator ratio1539

Summary of Key Findings Highly differentiated system –Size and shape –Socio-economic context –Performance There are many interventions targeting the right issues, but they remain uncoordinated Human resources are key but supply, utilisation and development planning minimal Districts are key to school based support

Data Reliability Enrolment data central to the system –Funding –PPN –Supply planning –Infrastructure –Efficiencies and throughput SA SAMS, LURITS, Persal EMIS resources key

Seeing the big picture We need to see how the parts make up the whole Silos within the department must be broken down Resources should be directed to specific areas of need Recognise and deal with the differentiation

Recommendations Better data and analysis needed District organisation and resourcing Better planning and linkages into other role players Resourcing formulae need to be reviewed Short course for management Teacher development Rural schools need a specific plan Curriculum support Research

A small step EduAction has started making data available on every school in KZN Interactive maps show where schools are, what their status is, their performance and their infrastructure Aerial photos are attached to most See We can do the same at a local level