Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Chapter 9: Foundations of Group Behavior 9-1
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Groups Groups can be either formal or informal. Formal groups Informal groups Social Identity Theory LO 1 9-2
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Group Development LO 2 9-3
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. LO Group Effectiveness
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Role a set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit. Role perception Role expectations Psychological contract Role conflict LO 3 9-5
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Norms & Status Norms – acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the group’s members. Status – a socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others. Status characteristics theory LO 4 9-6
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Group Size Group size affects the group’s overall behavior. Large groups Smaller groups Social loafing – the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than alone. LO 5 9-7
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Cohesive Groups LO 6 9-8
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Group Decision Making Strengths : More complete information and knowledge Increased diversity of views Increased acceptance of solutions Weaknesses : Time consuming Conformity pressures Dominance of a few members Ambiguous responsibility LO 8 9-9
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Grouthink & Groupshift Groupthink – situations in which group pressures for conformity deter the group from critically appraising unusual, minority, or unpopular views. Groupshift – a change between a group’s decision and an individual decision that a member within the group would make. LO
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Brainstorming & Nominal Group Technique Brainstorming can overcome pressures for conformity. The nominal group technique - restricts discussion or interpersonal communication during the decision making process. LO