Read the following quotes and analyze their meanings using 3-4 sentences “ By nature, men are nearly alike; by practice, they get to be wide apart.” “ By nature, men are nearly alike; by practice, they get to be wide apart.” “When we see men of a contrary character, we should turn inwards and examine ourselves.” “When we see men of a contrary character, we should turn inwards and examine ourselves.” The determined scholar and the man of virtue will not seek to live at the expense of injuring their virtue. They will even sacrifice their lives to preserve their virtue complete. The determined scholar and the man of virtue will not seek to live at the expense of injuring their virtue. They will even sacrifice their lives to preserve their virtue complete.

Empires of Ancient India and China (Chapter 4 Sections 3,4,and 5)

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The Complex Caste System Caste was closely linked to Hindu beliefs. Caste was closely linked to Hindu beliefs. To Hindus, people in different castes were different species of being. To Hindus, people in different castes were different species of being. For example, a high caste Brahmin was purer and closer to moksha than someone from a lower caste. For example, a high caste Brahmin was purer and closer to moksha than someone from a lower caste. The lowest ranked were known as the Untouchables (ex. Digging graves, cleaning streets, or turning animals into leather) The lowest ranked were known as the Untouchables (ex. Digging graves, cleaning streets, or turning animals into leather)

Family Life The ideal family was the joint family in which parents, children, grandchildren, uncles and their offspring shared a common dwelling. The ideal family was the joint family in which parents, children, grandchildren, uncles and their offspring shared a common dwelling.

Village Life People from all different types of castes lived in the villages. People from all different types of castes lived in the villages. Castes might included priests, landowners, herders, and farmers. Castes might included priests, landowners, herders, and farmers. They produced their own food and goods that they needed. They produced their own food and goods that they needed.

Confucius

Confucianism Confucius was not concerned with religion. He was concerned with worldly goals. Confucius was not concerned with religion. He was concerned with worldly goals. Confucius taught that harmony resulted when people accepted their place in society. Confucius taught that harmony resulted when people accepted their place in society.

The Five relationships Father to son (filial piety) Father to son (filial piety) Brother to younger brother Brother to younger brother Husband to wife Husband to wife Ruler to subject Ruler to subject Friend to friend Friend to friend Except for friendship he believed that none of these relationships were equal.

Daoism "Where there is impossibility, there is possibility; and where there is possibility, there is impossibility. It is because there is right, that there is wrong; it is because there is wrong, there is right...Thereupon the self is also the other; the other is also the self.“ "Where there is impossibility, there is possibility; and where there is possibility, there is impossibility. It is because there is right, that there is wrong; it is because there is wrong, there is right...Thereupon the self is also the other; the other is also the self.“ -Zhuangzi Laozi

…….Continued Laozi looked focused on the simple ways of nature. Laozi looked focused on the simple ways of nature. Daoists rejected conflict and strife. Daoists rejected conflict and strife. They wanted to end conflict between human desire and the simple ways of nature. They wanted to end conflict between human desire and the simple ways of nature. Many Daoists became hermits, artists, and poets. Many Daoists became hermits, artists, and poets.

Buddhism in China

…..Continued Buddhism became popular in China because of its promise of escape from suffering. Buddhism became popular in China because of its promise of escape from suffering. Through prayer, good works, and devotion, anyone could hope to gain salvation. Through prayer, good works, and devotion, anyone could hope to gain salvation.

Review Questions ( Answer in complete sentences ) 1. How did the Hindu people view the caste system? 2.Who was at the bottom of the caste system? Provide examples of the type of occupations that were at the bottom of the caste system. 3. Describe family life for Hindus. 4. What was village life like for Hindus? 5. What were some of the beliefs of Confucianism? 6. Who founded Daoism? What were the views of Daoists? 7. What did certain Daoists do that wanted to escape the world? 8. Why was Buddhism popular in China? How did they believe they could achieve salvation?