The Jefferson Era, 1800–1816 Chapter 10
Section 1: Jefferson Takes Office *Main Idea: When Jefferson became president in 1801, his party replaced the Federalist programs with its own.
Election of 1800
The Election of 1800 *V. P. Thomas Jefferson -Democratic-Republican candidate *Pres. John Adams - Federalist candidate
The Election of 1800 *Dem.-Rep. thought saving the nation from monarchy and oppression and argued the Alien and Sedition Acts violated the Bill of Right *Federalists thought the nation was about to be ruined by radicals – people who take extreme political positions.
Breaking the Tie *Dem.-Rep. win pres. *Tie!! Jefferson & Aaron Burr – 73 electoral votes each! *House of Reps. broke the Burr/Jefferson tie *Federalists control the House of Representatives *Some Federalists fear Jefferson’s views
*Others, like Alexander Hamilton, feel Burr is unreliable Breaking the Tie *Others, like Alexander Hamilton, feel Burr is unreliable *7 days, 35 undecided ballots *36th ballot: Jefferson wins presidency *Aaron Burr – V.P.
The Talented Jefferson *Jefferson had many talents: -advised Washington D. C. architects -skilled violinist, horseman, scientist, reader *His book collection is in the Library of Congress
Jefferson’s Philosophy *Jefferson wanted to unite Americans and promote a common life style *Wanted U.S. to remain a nation of small, independent farmers
Jefferson’s Philosophy *Believes such a nation upholds strong democratic values *Believes in a modest role for the central government
Undoing Federalist Programs *Jefferson sought to end many Federalist policies: -allowed Alien and Sedition Acts to end -ended many taxes including whiskey tax -reduced number of Federal employees and government debt
Marshall and the Judiciary *Adams used Judiciary Act of 1801 to appoint many Federalist judges *New president Jefferson was frustrated with Federalist judiciary *Could not change judges because they are appointed for life
Marshall and the Judiciary *Before leaving office, Adams picked Chief Justice of Supreme Court *Federalist Chief Justice John Marshall in office for over 3 decades *He strengthened the federal courts, presides over Marbury v. Madison, 1803
Marbury v. Madison
Marbury v. Madison *Before leaving office, Adams appointed William Marbury as a Justice of the peace for the District of Columbia *New Secretary of State James Madison refuseed to install Marbury
Marbury v. Madison *Marbury sued, case goes to Supreme Court *Court ruled that law under which Marbury sued was unconstitutional *Unconstitutional: contradicts the law of the Constitution
Marbury v. Madison *Supreme Court established the principle of judicial review -judicial review—has final say in interpreting the Constitution -helped establish balance between 3 government branches