Electron Transfer Dot Structures Ionic Compounds.

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Presentation transcript:

Electron Transfer Dot Structures Ionic Compounds

Keeping Track of Electrons l The electrons responsible for the chemical properties of atoms are those in the outer energy level.

Keeping Track of Electrons l Atoms in the same column have the same valence electrons. l Easily found by looking up the group number on the periodic table.

Electron Dot diagrams l A way of keeping track of valence electrons. l How to write them l Write the symbol. l Put one dot for each valence electron l Don’t pair up until they have to X

The Electron Dot diagram for Nitrogen l Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons. l First we write the symbol. N l Then add 1 electron at a time to each side. l Until they are forced to pair up.

Write the electron dot diagram for l Na l Mg lClC lOlO lFlF l Ne l He

Electron Dots For Cations l Metals will have few valence electrons Ca

Electron Dots For Cations l Metals will have few valence electrons l These will come off Ca

Electron Dots For Cations l Metals will have few valence electrons l These will come off l Forming positive ions Ca +2

Electron Dots For Anions l Nonmetals will have many valence electrons. l They will gain electrons to fill outer shell. P P -3

Stable Octets l All atoms react to achieve noble gas configuration. l 8 valence electrons. l Also called the octet rule. Ar

Ionic Bonding l The bond is formed through the transfer of electrons. l Electrons are transferred to achieve noble gas configuration. l Anions and cations are held together by opposite charges.

Ionic Bonding NaCl

Ionic Bonding Na Cl + -

Counting Electrons During the formation of an ionic compound the total number of electrons lost (by cations) must equal the total number of electrons gained (by anions).

Ionic Bonding l All the electrons must be accounted for, total lost = total gained! CaP

Ionic Bonding CaP

Ionic Bonding Ca +2 P

Ionic Bonding Ca +2 P Ca

Ionic Bonding Ca +2 P -3 Ca

Ionic Bonding Ca +2 P -3 Ca P

Ionic Bonding Ca +2 P -3 Ca +2 P

Ionic Bonding Ca +2 P -3 Ca +2 P Ca

Ionic Bonding Ca +2 P -3 Ca +2 P Ca

Ionic Bonding Ca +2 P -3 Ca +2 P -3 Ca +2

Ionic Bonding Ca P P +2 -3

Ionic Bonding Ca 3 P 2 Formula Unit