D.N.A Objective: SWBAT explore the principles of probability in order to predict the outcomes of genetic crosses using Punnett Squares  State if the following are heterozygous, homozygous dominant, or homozygous recessive Rr __________________ DD _________________ Ee __________________ ff __________________  If spots (S) are dominant over stripes (s) state the phenotype for the following Ss _____________ b. ss _______________ c. SS _______________  Hairy (H) is dominant over smooth (h). What is the genotype for hairy? ____________ HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT HETEROZYGOUS HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE SPOTSSTRIPES SPOTS HH or Hh

ANNOUNCEMENTS!  Punnett Square Worksheet (download off of Ms. Nakamura’s wikispace) Nakamurabiology.wikispaces.com  Unit 5 Heredity Quest Corrections due next class Write out the question number The correct answer And why is it the correct answer (evidence!) You will receive ½ pt back towards your quest

CONGRATULATIONS!  Unit 5 Heredity Quest  2B – Average:  Summa Cum Laude:  Magna Cum Laude: 70% Josef, Malik DeAndre

CONGRATULATIONS!  Unit 5 Heredity Quest  2B – Average:  Summa Cum Laude:  Magna Cum Laude: 70% Jordan, Rikiesha Jibraun

LET’S REVIEW!!!  What is genotype? Genetic make-up Ex: TT, Tt, tt  What is phenotype? Physical Traits Ex: Tall, short, red, etc.

Let’s Practice 1. Circle one: “Hh” is considered (homozygous/heterozygous) 1. Circle one: “hh” is considered (homozygous/heterozygous) 1. Circle one: “HH” is considered (homozygous dominant/homozygous recessive)

Let’s Practice If Tall (T) is dominant over short (t) state the phenotype for the following TT ______________ Tt ______________ tt _______________ TALL SHORT

Let’s Practice  Green peas (G) are dominant over yellow peas (g). What is the genotype for green peas?  GG or Gg  Ruffled fur (R) is dominant over smooth fur (r). What is the genotype for smooth fur?  rr

How can we determine what the offspring are going to be?

PUNNETT SQUARES! - chart showing the possible combination of alleles in a cross

The question! In plants, round seeded plants (R) is dominant to wrinkled seeded plants (r). If a a HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant, how many HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeds will exist after the parents mate?

How to make a Punnett square… Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents Step 2: Set up your Punnett square Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations Step 4: Determine the genotypes Step 5: Determine the phenotypes Step 6: Answer the question

How to make a Punnett square… Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents Step 2: Set up your punnett square Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations Step 4: Determine the genotypes Step 5: Determine the phenotypes Step 6: Answer the question

Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents A HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant. ___________________ X ___________________

Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents A HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant (RR). Cross: ___________Rr_____x__________RR________

How to make a punnett square… Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents Step 2: Set up your punnett square Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations Step 4: Determine the genotypes Step 5: Determine the phenotypes Step 6: Answer the question

Step 2: Set up your punnett square A HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant (RR). R r R R Homozygous Dominant round seeded plants (RR) Heterozygous round seeded plant (Rr)

Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents Step 2: Set up your punnett square Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations Step 4: Determine the genotypes Step 5: Determine the phenotypes Step 6: Answer the question

Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations A HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant (RR). R r R R RR

Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations A HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant (RR). R r R R RR

Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations A HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant (RR). R r R R RR Rr

Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations A HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant (RR). R r R R RR Rr

Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations A HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant (RR). R r R R RR Rr

How to make a punnett square… Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents Step 2: Set up your punnett square Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations Step 4: Determine the genotypes Step 5: Determine the phenotypes Step 6: Answer the question

Step 4: Determine the genotypes A HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant (RR). GENOTYPES R r R R RR Rr RR = 2/4 = 1/2 Rr = 2/4 = 1/2

How to make a punnett square… Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents Step 2: Set up your punnett square Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations Step 4: Determine the genotypes Step 5: Determine the phenotypes Step 6: Answer the question

Step 4: Determine the phenotypes A HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant (RR). PHENOTYPES R r R R RR Rr ALL ROUND

How to make a punnett square… Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents Step 2: Set up your punnett square Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations Step 4: Determine the genotypes Step 5: Determine the phenotypes Step 6: Answer the question

Answer the question! A HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant (RR). Round seeds are dominant to wrinkled seeds. How many HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeds will exist after the parents mate?

Answer the question! A HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant (RR). Round seeds are dominant to wrinkled seeds. How many HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeds will exist after the parents mate?

How many HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT (RR) round seeds will exist after the parents mate? R r R R RR Rr

How many HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT (RR) round seeds will exist after the parents mate? R r R R RR Rr 2 HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeds will exist after the parents mate!

Let’s review the steps! Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents Step 2: Set up your punnett square Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations Step 4: Determine the genotypes Step 5: Determine the phenotypes Step 6: Answer the question

How to make a punnett square… Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents Step 2: Set up your punnett square Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations Step 4: Determine the genotypes Step 5: Determine the phenotypes Step 6: Answer the question

Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents A man that is heterozygous with curly hair has 4 children with a woman that is homozygous recessive and has straight hair ___________________ X ___________________

Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents A man that is heterozygous with curly hair has 4 children with a woman that is homozygous recessive and has straight hair ___________Hh_______ X ___________hh________

How to make a punnett square… Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents Step 2: Set up your punnett square Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations Step 4: Determine the genotypes Step 5: Determine the phenotypes Step 6: Answer the question

Step 2: Set up your punnett square A man that is heterozygous with curly hair has 4 children with a woman that is homozygous recessive and has straight hair H h h h Heterozygous curly hair (Hh) Homozygous recessive straight hair (hh)

How to make a punnett square… Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents Step 2: Set up your punnett square Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations Step 4: Determine the genotypes Step 5: Determine the phenotypes Step 6: Answer the question

Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations A man that is heterozygous with curly hair has 4 children with a woman that is homozygous recessive and has straight hair H h h h Hh

Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations A man that is heterozygous with curly hair has 4 children with a woman that is homozygous recessive and has straight hair H h h h hhHh

Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations A man that is heterozygous with curly hair has 4 children with a woman that is homozygous recessive and has straight hair H h h h hhHh

Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations A man that is heterozygous with curly hair has 4 children with a woman that is homozygous recessive and has straight hair H h h h Hhhh Hhhh

How to make a punnett square… Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents Step 2: Set up your punnett square Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations Step 4: Determine the genotypes Step 5: Determine the phenotypes Step 6: Answer the question

Step 4: Determine the genotypes A man that is heterozygous with curly hair has 4 children with a woman that is homozygous recessive and has straight hair GENOTYPES Hh = 2/4 = 1/2 hh=2/4 or ½ H h h h Hhhh Hhhh

How to make a punnett square… Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents Step 2: Set up your punnett square Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations Step 4: Determine the genotypes Step 5: Determine the phenotypes Step 6: Answer the question

Step 5: Determine the phenotype A man that is heterozygous with curly hair has 4 children with a woman that is homozygous recessive and has straight hair Phenotype 2 curly hair 2 straight hair H h h h Hhhh Hhhh

How to make a punnett square… Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents Step 2: Set up your punnett square Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations Step 4: Determine the genotypes Step 5: Determine the phenotypes Step 6: Answer the question

How many of their four children will have straight hair? H h h h Hhhh Hhhh

How many of their four children will have straight hair? H h h h Hhhh Hhhh 2 out of the 4 children will have straight hair!

MAKE A BABY LAB! (Not what your thinking!)  Today you will determine the traits of your baby by making punnett squares  Part 1: Using the MASTER CHART, complete YOUR OWN genotype and phenotype Ex: TRAITGENOTYPEPHENOTYPE SEX:XXFemale EYE COLOR:Brownish

TAKE 5 MINUTES TO COMPLETE THE TABLE IN PART 1

 PART 2: Find a partner….one will be the mother and one will be the father (IT DOESN’T MATTER IF YOU ARE THE SAME GENDER!)  Using your genotypes, complete the punnett squares SEXXXFemale SEXXYMale XX XY X Y XX

 Part 3: Using a penny, flip it to figure out the genotype of the baby and complete the table  Once you complete Part 3, see Ms. Nakamura for Part 4

CHALLENGE QUESTION  Palomino horses are known to be caused by the interaction of two different genes. The allele C r in the homozygous condition produces a chestnut, or reddish color, horse. The allele C m produces a very pale cream color, called cremello, in the homozygous condition. The palomino color is caused by the interaction of both the chestnut and cremello alleles. Indicate the expected ratios in the F 1 generation from mating a palomino with a cremello.