The Progressive Era: Changes in the United States & Georgia GPS: SS8H7 a, b, c, d

Issues in Georgia During the Progressive Era Prison Reform – End convict lease system, chain-gangs were created. Labor Unions were created to protect worker conditions and pay. Child Labor Laws were created to protect children working long hours in factories, in unsafe conditions. Temperance Movement - Progressives in Georgia restricted alcohol sales near schools and churches, and allowed counties to vote to be “wet” or “dry.” –1919: 18 th Amendment banned manufacture, sale, transport of alcoholic beverages in USA. Women’s Rights – 1920: 19 th Amendment gives women the right to vote – Georgia did not ratify (approve) the amendment.

The People’s Party Populism: political idea that supported the rights of the “common” people in their struggle with the wealthy people Poor farmers and low wage workers were followers of Populists. Grange and Farmer’s Alliance worked to protect farmers’ rights – joined with unions to create People’s Party. Wanted “Australian ballot” – printed by the government, not local political parties, then collected and locked in ballot boxes.

The People’s Party Tom Watson, famous Georgia populist, worked for Rural Free Delivery bill to deliver mail to rural areas for free.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did Georgia businesses grow during the progressive era?

Business in Georgia 1895: Cotton States and International Exposition. –800,000 visitors in three months –Designed to show economic recovery in the South. –Encouraged investments in southern businesses. –Booker T. Washington gave his famous Atlanta Compromise speech during the exposition.

Rich’s Famous Atlanta department store. Started in 1867 by Morris Rich. Known as a store “with heart.” –took farmers’ produce as payment. –took teachers’ scrip as money during the Great Depression. Grew to be a regional shopping chain. Eventually became Macy’s.

Coca-Cola Invented in Atlanta in 1885 by John S. Pemberton as a tonic. Business purchased and expanded by Asa Candler. Sold company in 1919 for $25 million. Robert Woodruff grew company to billions of dollars in sales each year. Woodruff and Candler generous givers to worthy causes.

Coca-Cola

ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did Georgians contribute to World War I?

REASONS FOR WORLD WAR I 1.Mutual Defense Alliances 2.Imperialism 3.Militarism 4.Nationalism 5. Immediate Cause – the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

REASONS FOR WORLD WAR I 1.Mutual Defense Alliances ( countries agree to defend each other if attacked) 2.Imperialism: gaining more power and importance by acquiring territories and colonies 3.Militarism: a policy of aggressive military buildup to keep up with the militaries of neighboring countries 4.Nationalism: exhibiting strong loyalty and devotion to one’s country 5. Immediate Cause – the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

REASONS FOR WORLD WAR I How Alliances Played a Role in WWI Russia and Serbia Germany and Austria-Hungary France and Russia Britain and France and Belgium Japan and Britain Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. Russia gets involved to help Serbia. Germany sees Russia mobilizing and declares war on Russia. France is then drawn in to help Russia. Germany attacks France through Belgium which pulls Britain into the war. So then Japan gets involve to help Britain. Later, the U.S. and Italy enter on the side of the Allies (France, Great Britain, and Russia)

World War I Allied Powers Leading Countries Central Powers Leading Countries France Great Britain Russia (United States joined in 1917) Germany Austria-Hungary President Woodrow Wilson originally declared the US would be a neutral country.

The United States Enters the War President Wilson worked to keep the US out of the war. 1915: German submarine sank passenger ship Lusitania killing 128 Americans. 1917: sub attacks resumed sinking American ships. Zimmerman telegram: Germany tried to get Mexico to attack the US. Wilson finally joined the Allied powers.

Georgia and World War I ±100,000 Georgians volunteered to join the US armed forces. Training in Georgia at Camp Benning, Fort McPherson, and Camp Gordon helped Georgia economy. Georgians contributed manufactured goods and farm produce. 3,000 young Georgians killed in the war. Ended November 11, 1918.

Eugene Jacques Bullard First black African American combat pilot – from Columbus, GA. Enlisted in French Foreign Legion in Flew combat missions against Germany. US Army Air Force refused his services.

Atlanta Fire Occurred May 21, Lasted hours, Seventy city blocks destroyed. 6,000-10,000 people left homeless.